市区驾驶人横向避险特性研究

Research on the Lateral Avoidance Characteristics of Urban Drivers

针对市区复杂多变的行车环境致使避险难度提高的问题,结合真实的市区道路环境,利用驾驶模拟器搭建了6个典型市区行车危险场景并进行了仿真试验。采集不同驾驶人的眼动反应及驾驶操作数据,对驾驶人避险过程中的总体视线分布、感知-制动时间、制动持续时间、方向盘转角时间、车辆横向位置变化情况进行了分析。结果表明:6个典型市区行车危险场景下,驾驶人的视野注视点大多数时间都集中于中央偏右视野区。在视野开阔的危险场景中,大多数驾驶人会采取制动避险。反之,在存在遮挡的侧向冲突危险场景中,大部分驾驶人采用转向和制动相结合的方式避险。驾驶人在十字路口处的感知-制动时间普遍偏长且数据波动性较大。

In response to the issue of increased difficulty in avoiding danger caused by the complex and ever-changing driving environment in urban areas,this article combines the real urban road environment and uses driving simulators to build six typical urban driving danger scenarios and conduct simulation experiments.It collects data on eye movement reactions and driving operations of different drivers,and analyzes the overall line of sight distribution,perception-braking time,braking duration,steering wheel angle time and the lateral position changes of the vehicle.The results showed that in the six experimental scenarios,the driver's field of view fixation was mostly concentrated in the central right field of view area;In dangerous scenes with a wide field of vision,most drivers will use braking to avoid danger,while in dangerous scenes with obstructed lateral conflicts,most drivers use a combination of steering and braking to avoid danger;The perception-braking time of drivers at intersections is generally longer and the data fluctuates greatly.