沃柑早采果室温贮藏品质分析

Analysis on the quality of early picking fruit of‘Orah'at room temperature

为了研究沃柑免受低温冻害问题,以八成熟的沃柑为研究对象,利用咪鲜胺、抑霉唑两种杀菌剂对其进行保鲜处理,清水作对照,于室温贮藏150 d,测定各处理在贮藏期间的品质指标以及腐烂率、失重率等耐贮性指标的变化,并用SPSS软件对不同处理进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明:咪鲜胺、抑霉唑2个处理的可溶性固形物含量在贮藏期结束时均能维持在采前水平,在贮藏第150 d时表现为抑霉唑处理(13.70%)>对照(12.97%)>咪鲜胺处理(12.20%);随着贮藏时间的延长,果实可滴定酸含量均逐渐下降,至贮藏结束时,咪鲜胺、抑霉唑处理的可滴定酸含量由采前的0.83%分别下降到0.32%、0.36%(对照为0.36%);固酸比随着可滴定酸含量的降低而逐渐上升,果实品质也逐渐提升。与对照相比,咪鲜胺、抑霉唑处理均能有效降低沃柑早采果贮藏期的腐烂率(3.33%),而对照果实腐烂率为6.67%,并能延迟果实发生腐烂的时间。2个处理对果实失重率均无显著影响。主成分分析结果显示,在室温贮藏90 d后咪鲜胺、抑霉唑处理的果实风味品质逐渐变好。聚类分析结果显示,当欧氏距离为20时,所有处理(咪鲜胺贮藏90 d除外)的品质指标和耐贮性指标在贮藏0、15、30、45、60、90 d聚为第一类;在贮藏120、150d(含咪鲜胺贮藏90 d)聚为第二类。综合上述各项指标分析结果认为,沃柑可提前于12月底采收,且用咪鲜胺或抑霉唑等保鲜剂处理效果较好。

In order to study the issue of avoiding low temperature and freezing damage to‘Orah’,‘Orah’under 80%mature were used as materials.‘Orah’were stored for 150 days at room temperature after Prochloraz and Imazalil treatment,clear water treatment as a control.Fruit quality indicators,such as sugar,acid,and vitamin C,and storage indicators,including weight loss and decay,were measured during storage.Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were performed for different treatments using SPSS.The results showed that the soluble solid content of both Prochloraz and Imazalil treatments can be maintained as levels as before harvest at the end of the storage period.The soluble solid content at treatment with Imazalil(13.70%)>control(12.97%)>Prochloraz treatment(12.20%)on the 150 days of storage.The titratable acid content of the fruit gradually decreases as the storage time prolongs.The titratable acid content of Prochloraz and Imazalil treatments decreased from 0.83%to 0.32%and 0.36%,respectively(compared to 0.36%in the control)at before and the end of storage.The ratio of soluble solid content to titratable acid content gradually increases with the decrease of titratable acid content,and the fruit quality also gradually improved.Compared with the control,treatments with Prochloraz and Imazalil can effectively reduce the decay rate and delay the occurrence of fruit decay during storage period with early harvested for‘Orah’citrus fruits(3.33%),while the control fruit has a decay rate of 6.67%.Both treatments had no significant effect on the fruit weight loss rate.The results of principal component analysis showed that the quality of fruits treated with Prochloraz and Imazalil gradually improved after 90 days of storage at room temperature.The clustering analysis results showed that when the Euclidean distance was 20,all quality and storage indicators of the treatments clustered into the first category after 0 day,15 days,30 days,45 days,60 days,and 90 days of storage(except for 90 days of storage of Prochloraz),it is classified as the second type after storage for 120 and 150 days(90 days of storage with Prochloraz).Based on the analysis of the above indicators,it was believed that the‘Orah’citrus can be harvested earlier than the end of December,and Prochloraz or Imazalil had a better effect on storage.