砧/穗间交流的物质及其嫁接愈合效应

The Exchange Substance of Rootstock and Scion and Its Grafting Healing Effect

植物嫁接愈合受砧/穗自身和外部环境等多种因素的调节和控制。在嫁接伤口愈合期间,砧木与接穗的相互作用不仅体现在明显的组织学特征的变化,还涉及了复杂的生理生化和分子调控机制。砧木和接穗愈合经历隔离层的形成、愈伤组织的发生、分化以及维管组织的再分化四个步骤,在此过程中砧/穗细胞、组织或器官之间相互影响,频繁发生物质交流,如植物激素、蔗糖、核酸和蛋白质等物质通过胞间连丝发生短距离运输或是经韧皮部进行长距离运输,从而开始形成砧/穗之间的识别、接纳、包容效应,最终完成愈合过程,并对嫁接苗后续生长过程起到重要影响。该文就当前植物嫁接过程中砧/穗愈合的组织学特征、砧/穗间交流物质的属性及其对砧/穗愈合进程的影响进行综述,为植物嫁接繁殖的生产实践提供基础理论指导。

Plant graft healing is regulated by rootstock/scion themselves and the external environmental factors.The interaction between rootstock and scion is not only present histological characteristic changes,but also involves complex physiological,biochemical and molecular regulatory mechanisms during the graft healing.Rootstock and scion have completed healing by undergoing four steps of isolation layer formation,callus formation,differentiation and vascular tissue redifferentiation.Essentially,the cells,tissues or organs of rootstock and scion interact with each other and frequently exchange substances,such as plant hormones,sugar,nucleic acids and proteins by short-distance transporting through plasmodesmata,as well as by long-distances transporting over phloem in the process of grafting healing.Thus,the recognition,acceptance and inclusion effect between the rootstock and scion is established,and the graft healing process is finished finally.It also plays an important role in the subsequent growth process of grafted seedlings.In this paper,the histological characteristic,exchanges substances property and the factors which are affected the healing process have been reviewed,and it will provide the basic theoretical guidance for the production practice of plant graft propagation.