黔北煤田矿井顶板水害特征及防治措施研究

Study on characteristics and prevention measures of mine roof water disaster in North Guizhou Coalfield

黔北煤田近年来发生了22起工作面顶板涌水事故,对该地区矿井安全生产造成了很大威胁。为了研究黔北煤田矿井顶板水害特征及防治措施,以黔北煤田某片区为研究对象,分析了研究区域顶板水害的充水水源、水化学特征、突水通道、水害特征,并提出了相应的顶板水害防治措施。研究发现:长兴组含水层的水质类型为SO_(4)^(2−)、HCO_(3)^(−)-Na^(+),玉龙山段含水层的水质类型为HCO_(3)^(−)、SO_(4)^(2−)-Ca^(2+)和HCO_(3)^(−)、SO_(4)^(2−)-Na^(+)、Ca^(2+);区内各含水层的pH值以弱碱性为主,范围为7.63~8.18。开采9号煤层时,顶板水害的充水水源主要为长兴组灰岩含水层;顶板涌水特征主要表现为:涌水突发性强、水头值大、衰减速度快、涌水持续时间较短,涌水出现的位置绝大部分处于工作面下三分之一位置。针对黔北煤田顶板水害问题,提出了控制工作面开采速度,避免工作面长时间停采;加强顶板初次来压和周期来压期间水害防治,以及提前施工顶板水疏放孔等防治水措施。研究结果为黔北煤田顶板水害防治工作提供借鉴。

In recent years,22 roof water inrush accidents have occurred in North Guizhou Coalfield,which poses a great threat to the safety production of mines in this area.In order to study the characteristics and prevention measures of mine roof water disaster in North Guizhou Coalfield,taking a certain area of North Guizhou Coalfield as the research object,the water filling source,water inrush channel,hydrochemical characteristics and water disaster characteristics of roof water disaster in the research area are analyzed,and the corresponding roof water disaster prevention measures are put forward.It is found that the water quality types of the aquifer of Changxing Formation are SO_(4)^(2−),HCO_(3)^(−)-Na^(+),and the water quality types of the aquifer of Yulong Mountain Section are HCO_(3)^(−),SO_(4)^(2−)-Ca^(2+) and HCO_(3)^(−),SO_(4)^(2−)-Na^(+),Ca^(2+).The pH value of each aquifer in the area is mainly weakly alkaline,ranging from 7.63 to 8.18.When mining the No.9 coal seam,the water filling source of roof water disaster is mainly the limestone aquifer of Changxing Formation.The characteristics of roof water inrush are strong sudden inrush,large head value,fast attenuation speed,short duration of water inrush,and most of the positions where water inrush occurs are in the lower third of the working face.In response to the problem of roof water disaster in the North Guizhou Coalfield,it is proposed to control the mining speed of the working face and avoid long-term mining stoppage,strengthen the prevention of water disaster during the initial and periodic pressure periods of the roof,as well as advance construction of roof water drainage holes and other water prevention measures.The research results are helpful to the prevention of roof water disaster in North Guizhou Coalfield.