户内盗窃的既未遂认定

On the Determination of Complete or Attempted Indoor Theft

司法实践中,户内盗窃包括入户盗窃和在户盗窃两种情形,对相关犯罪行为既未遂的判定通常以所窃物品体积大小、行为人是否将物品搬离为标准。这是一种形式化的判别标准,其中的法理依据缺乏合理性证成。通过对个人专属领域概念的辨析与构建,可以为户内盗窃的既未遂判定确立实质性标准。若所窃物品涉及个人专属领域,则即使在户内,亦可认定行为打破了物主占有,建立了行为人自身占有,构成盗窃既遂;反之,则是盗窃未遂。在个人专属领域存在交叉重合时,应坚持“一物一占有”原则,通过引入以人格权为基础的“贴身禁忌”理论来区分物品的占有者,从而认定盗窃行为的既未遂。

In judicial practice,indoor theft includes two types of situations:burglary and theft in the household.The determination of complete or attempted indoor theft is usually based on the size of the stolen item and whether the perpetrator has moved the item out of the house.This is a formal criterion for discrimination,which lacks a reasonable legal basis.Substantive judgment standards for complete or attempted indoor theft can be established by analyzing and constructing the concept of personal exclusive territory.If the stolen item involves personal exclusive territory,the stolen item involves personal exclusive territory,even if it is indoors,it can be considered as breaking the owner's possession and establishing the perpetrator's own possession,constituting a complete indoor theft.Conversely,it constitutes an attempted indoor theft.When there is overlap in the exclusive field of individuals,the principle of"one thing,one possession"should be adhered to,and the theory of"personal taboos"based on personality rights should be introduced to distinguish the owners of items,in order to determine the complete or attempted indoor theft.