“审美降级”论:数媒时代文艺评论的困境与重构

“Aesthetic Degradation” Theory: The Dilemma and Reconstruction ofLiterary Criticism in the Digital Media Era

“审美降级”论与当下“技术升级”的文艺发展态势渐行渐远,具体表现为文艺实践的数据主宰、权力让渡和审美霸凌等审美异化态势。作为文艺实践重要一环的文艺评论,也面临评论客体延展化、评论话语滞后化、评论时空交错化的新挑战。究其困境根源,在于数媒时代文艺评论审美对象性关系的错位及审美公共空间“最大公约数”的缺失。鉴于此,秉承马克思主义美学观点与历史观点相统一的文艺评论原则,提升文艺评论主体的审美素养和媒介素养。立足时代精神和文艺精神,以审美化“情感共同体”作为文艺评论话语公共空间构建逻辑基点,以对话与融合为路径实现公共空间“公共性”目标,成为文艺评论“审美升级”亟待完成的重要任务。

The theory of“aesthetic degradation”has diverged from the current trend of“technological upgrading”in the devel⁃opment of literature and art.This divergence is evident in the alienation of aesthetics within literary and artistic practices,character⁃ized by the dominance of data,the relinquishing of power,and aesthetic hegemony.Literary and artistic criticism,as a crucial part of these practices,also faces new challenges such as expanding the scope of criticism,lagging discourse,and the intertwining of time and space in criticism.The root of this dilemma lies in the disconnection between the aesthetic-object relationship and the ab⁃sence of a“greatest common denominator”in the aesthetic public space in the digital media era.To address this,it is important to adhere to the principle of uniting Marxist aesthetic viewpoints with historical viewpoints in literary criticism.Moreover,it is crucial to enhance the aesthetic and media literacy of critics,ground criticism in the spirit of the times and the spirit of literature and art,and construct public spaces for literary criticism discourse centered on the aestheticization of the“community of emotions”.By foste⁃ring dialogue and integration,this approach aims to realize the“publicness”of the discourse public space and accomplish the goal of“publicity”in the“aesthetic upgrading”of literary and art criticism.