论民国时期男女同泳与分泳之争

On the Controversy between Men and Women Swimming andSwimming Separately in the Republic of China

我国游泳运动中推行男女分泳,主要发生在20世纪30年代,而且集中于广东和北平,之外还有上海、武汉和天津等地。这其中,地方政府发挥了重要作用。舆论界对于男女分泳、合泳问题,围绕风化及进步与落后等方面,形成了截然对立的两派,这与民国社会的分化有关。男女分泳政策的弊端主要体现为导致场地紧张、经营困难及带给游泳群体不便等,实践层面的客观现实对1937年后男女同泳取分泳而代之,至为关键。舆论折冲与实践选择,是影响新观念落地的两大要素。

Men’s and women’s separate swimming is implemented in China’s swimming,which mainly occurred in the 1930s.and concentrated in Guangdong and Beiping,as well as Shanghai,Wuhan and Tianjin.Among them local governments play an important role.The public opinion community has formed two diametrically opposed factions on the issue of men and women swimming separately and swimming together,focusing on decency,progress and backwardness.And different views are related to the differentiation of the society of the Republic of China.The drawbacks of the men’s and women’s separate swimming policy are main⁃ly reflected in the lack of swimming venues,business difficulties and inconvenience to swimming groups.The objective reality at the practical level plays a key role in the reason why men and women swimming together after 1937.Public opinion discussion and prac⁃tical choice are the two major factors that affect the implementation of new concepts.