呼伦贝尔饲草产业发展现状、问题与可持续发展对策

Present Situation,Problems and Sustainable Development Measures of Hulunbuir Forage Industry

饲草是草食畜牧业良性发展的重要物质基础,饲草产业是其发展之路上的重要组成部分,对于优化农业结构有着举足轻重的作用。目前,呼伦贝尔饲草产业资源(年产量为2796万t),主要有三大板块(天然牧草、人工饲草和秸秆饲草),占有效利用资源量的32.8%。但聚焦到产业层面,仍存在很多问题:分类分级没有量化标准、草资源损耗、浪费、市场供求信息不对称、饲草产业科技水平、产业链条难以形成等,同时也面临着资源、技术、政策等方面的难题。本文梳理了呼伦贝尔天然牧草、人工饲草和秸秆饲草产业生产现状,综合分析了呼伦贝尔饲草产业发展存在的问题,提出呼伦贝尔优化饲草产业加强饲草储备库建设减少浪费损失、多元化草产品技术研发、人工草地建设降低草原承载压力、饲草产业龙头企业扶持力度等对策和建议,以期为呼伦贝尔饲草产业高质量发展提供参考。

Forage is an important material basis for the benign development of herbivorous animal husbandry,and forage industry is an important part of its development,which plays an important role in optimizing agricultural structure.At present,Hulunbuir forage industry resources(27.96 million tons annual output)include mainly three plates:natural forage,artificial forage and straw forage,accounting for 32.8%of the effective utilization of resources.However,focusing on the industrial level,there are still many problems:no quantitative standard for classification and grading,loss and waste of grass resources,information asymmetry between market supply and demand,scientific and technological low level of forage industry,difficult formation of industrial chain,etc.At the same time,it is also facing with problems in resources,technology,policy and so on.This paper combed the present situation of the production of natural forage,artificial forage and straw forage industry in Hulunbuir,and comprehensively analyzed the problems existing in the development of Hulunbuir forage industry.Measures and suggestions were proposed,including optimized forage industry,strengthened forage storage construction to reduce waste and loss,diversified grass product technology research and development,artificial grassland construction to reduce grassland bearing pressure,supporting forage industry leading enterprises,and others,to provide reference for the high-quality development of Hulunbuir forage industry.