中国海盐板晒技术的发展及管理

Analysis on the Development and the Management of Board Drying Sea Salt Production in China

中国古代海盐的制盐方式主要为火煎及日晒两种,前期以煎盐为主,明代海盐产区的晒盐法已逐渐推广。当时采取晒盐法的有淮北、长芦、山东、福建、浙江、广东等地的部分盐场。到了清代,晒盐法进一步推广,至清末民国时期出现滩晒法。因晒盐方式不同,产生了沟滩晒法、井滩晒法、砖池晒法、石晒法、板晒法等多种晒盐方式。结合盐城中国海盐博物馆馆藏的涉及“袁浦场”“穿长场”的两件纸质文物,窥探清末及民国时期板晒发展的历史及管理情况。

In ancient China,sea salt was mainly made by fire and sun drying.In the early stage,sea salt was mostly made by fire.In the Ming Dynasty,the mode of sun drying appeared sporadically in coastal areas.At that time,the sun drying technique was adopted by some salt fields in Huaibei,Changlu,Shandong,Fujian,Zhejiang,Guangdong and other places.In the Qing Dynasty,the sun drying method was further promoted,and the salt-flat drying method appeard in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.There were different ways of sun drying methods,such as ditch-salt flat drying,well-salt flat drying,the brick-pool drying,stone drying,board drying and other salt flat drying.This paper is mainly based on the two pieces of paper cultural relics involving"Yuanpu Salt Field"and"Chuanchang Salt Field"collected by Yancheng China Sea-salt Museum,to explore the development history and the management of the board drying in the late Qing dynasty and the Republic of China.