灵芝孢子粉对去卵巢大鼠骨量、骨生物力学和骨代谢的影响

Effect of ganoderma lucidum spores on bone mass,bone biomechanics,and bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats

目的研究灵芝孢子粉对去卵巢骨质疏松大鼠的治疗作用。方法随机取39只SD雌性大鼠进行去卵巢手术建立骨质疏松模型,剩余20只进行假手术。饲养16周建模成功后随机从假手术大鼠中取10只设为空白组(C组),随机取30只去势大鼠分为模型组(M组)、灵芝孢子粉低浓度组(BL组,400 mg/kg)和灵芝孢子粉高浓度组(BH组,1600 mg/kg),每日1次灌胃治疗,持续10周。比较各组大鼠的体重变化、脏器指数、股骨骨密度、骨小梁微观结构变化、骨小梁参数、骨生物力学性能、血清中骨代谢物水平。结果各组大鼠体重变化差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),肝、脾和胸腺的脏器指数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与C组相比,M组大鼠的子宫系数显著降低(P<0.01),而BL组与BH组大鼠的子宫系数显著高于M组(P<0.05)。与M组相比,BL组与BH组大鼠的股骨骨密度(BMD)、骨体积分数(BV/TV)、骨小梁数量(Tb.N)、骨小梁厚度(Tb.Th)、最大载荷、弯曲强度、弹性模量和血清中雌二醇水平(E2)均显著提升(P<0.05);而骨小梁分离度(Tb.Sp)、血清中骨钙素(OC)、骨碱性磷酸酶(BALP)和抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶5b(TRACP⁃5b)水平均显著降低(P<0.01)。Micro⁃CT骨微结构图像显示M组大鼠骨小梁减少而稀疏,而BL组与BH组大鼠骨小梁增多而致密。结论灵芝孢子粉对去卵巢大鼠的骨质疏松有一定治疗作用,推测其通过改善内分泌功能提升雌激素水平,以此平衡骨吸收与骨形成,从而改善骨质量、提升骨强度、提高骨密度。

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of ganoderma lucidum spores on ovariectomy⁃induced osteoporosis in rats.Methods Thirty⁃nine female Sprague⁃Dawley rats were randomly selected and ovariectomized to establish osteoporotic rat model,and the other 20 rats were performed sham surgery.Then all 59 rats were fed normally for 16 weeks.After successful modeling,10 rats were randomly selected from the sham surgery group as blank control group(C group).Then 30 ovariectomized rats were randomly divided into three groups:model group(M group),low⁃dose ganoderma lucidum spores group(BL group,400 mg/kg),and high⁃dose ganoderma lucidum spores group(BH group,1600 mg/kg).All rats were treated with gavage once a day for 10 weeks.Body weight changes,organ index,femoral bone mineral density,microstructural images of trabecular bone,trabecular bone parameters,bone biomechanical properties,and the serum content of bone metabolites were compared among the groups.Results There was no significant difference in body weight changes among the groups(P>0.05).There were no statistical differences in organ index of the liver,spleen,and thymus among the groups(P>0.05).Compared to that in C group,uterine index in M group decreased significantly(P<0.01).However,uterine index in BL and BH groups was significantly higher than that in M group(P<0.05).Compared to those in M group,the following indicators:femoral bone mineral density(BMD),bone volume fraction(BV/TV),trabecular number(Tb.N),trabecular thickness(Tb.Th),maximum load,bending strength,elastic modulus,and estradiol(E2)content in serum in BL and BH groups increased significantly(P<0.05).However,the level of trabecular separation(Tb.Sp),osteocalcin(OC)content,bone alkaline phosphatase(BALP)content,and tartrate⁃resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRACP⁃5b)content in serum in BL and BH groups decreased significantly(P<0.01).Micro⁃CT images of the bone showed a decrease in density in trabecular bone of M group,while other micro⁃CT images of the bone showed a increase in density in trabecular bone of BL and BH groups.Conclusion Ganoderma lucidum spores have a certain therapeutic effect on osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats.It may be due to that ganoderma lucidum spores keep a balance of bone resorption and bone formation by improving endocrine function and estrogen level,thereby improving bone quality and increasing bone strength and bone mineral density.