现象学方法论观照下的儿童教育刍议

On Children’s Education from the Perspective of Phenomenological Methodology

以胡塞尔现象学的精神和立场来思考儿童教育有助于彰显教育学的人文属性和价值特征。在现象学方法论的视域下,首先需建立一个回到儿童般的“纯粹自我”的主体观,通过回到先验、朴素、神秘的生命发展的原初状态来发现、理解、靠近直至解放儿童,要求我们在儿童教育中时刻通过“悬搁”保持开放性,排除“先见”秉持审慎性,放下“我执”坚守无我性。其次要遵循“回到实事本身”的路径观,一方面须解救以守成之法割裂儿童生命主体整全和以万化为一剥夺儿童发展个体自由的儿童教育的标准化危机,同时要做到有智慧的“退让”,秉持信任的精神而非怀疑的态度,激励的原则而非管制的眼光,以达到儿童教育的去蔽、自由和解放。最后还要重塑“他者转向”的关系观:长存他者之爱,在良善仁爱中诠释大道之情;勇担他者之责,在相遇回应中缔造真实联结;朝向他者之真,在开放真诚中呼唤伦理回归。

Thinking about children’s education based on Husserl’s phenomenology helps to manifest the cultural characteristics and attributes of the discipline of pedagogy.From the perspective of phenomenological methodology,it is firstly essential to establish a subject view that returns to a child-like“pure ego”.To discover,understand,approach,and liberate children,we should return to the original state of life that is transcendental,simple,and mysterious,which requires us to keep openness through suspension,exclude presupposition and uphold prudence,escape from egocentrism to egoless.Sec-ondly,we should follow the path view of“go back to things themselves”.On the one hand,it is necessary to rescue the standardization crisis of children’s education,which divides the main body of children’s life and deprives children of individual freedom of development.On the other hand,to achieve wise“concession,”we need to uphold trust rather than skepticism,and incentive rather than control.As such,children’s education could achieve off-cover,freedom,and liberation.Finally,it is fundamental to reshape the relationship view of“turn to others”by constructing a fraternity,responsible,and sincere relationship to keep close to children.