时间的“留白”——近代以降中国学校假期制度沿革及其意涵论析

The“Blank Space”of Time:Evolution and Implications of Chinese School Holiday System since the Modern Era

学校假期制度以社会节假日体系为基础,结合学校教育活动对时间规划的特殊需求而建立,并不断调整完善。学校假期不仅是学校教育制度中不可或缺的重要一环,也关乎学生生命历程中重要的经历与体验。近代以降,中国学校假期制度在发展沿革的历程中,历经了传统—近代、近代—现代的两次关键转型,其变迁和中国近现代时间观念与历法体制变革、教育教学组织形式与指导思想革新、传统社会的近现代转型,乃至国家意识形态变化等密切相关。在中国教育现代化发展进程中,学校假期制度一方面依据教育现代化要求进行改革,另一方面也为教育现代化提供必要的助力与保障。在“长程视野”中透视假期制度的变迁,可以从另一种角度深化对于学校教育“时间之维”的理解,并在宏观的国家政策、中观的学校制度及微观的师生生活之间,建立起富有意趣的关联。

The school holiday system was established on the basis of the social holiday system and combined with the special needs of educational ac-tivities for time planning in the school,with continuous adjustment for improvement.School holidays are not only an important and indispensable part of the school education system,but also an important experience in the life course of students.Since modern times,Chinese school holiday system has gone through two critical transitions.The first transition was from the traditional school holiday system to a modern one,and the second transition was from the modern school holiday system to a contemporary one.The evolution of school holiday system in modern China was closely related to the changes in concept of time and calendrical system,the innovations in education organizations and guiding ideologies,the modern transition of traditional societies,and the changes in the national ideology,and so on.In the process of Chinese educational modernization,the school holiday system has been reformed according to the requirements of educational modernization,and also has provided necessary support and guarantee for it.By observing the evolution of Chinese school holiday system from a“long-range view”,we can deepen our understanding of the“time dimension”in school education from another perspective,and es-tablish an interesting connection among the macroscopic national policy,the mesoscopic school system,and the microcosmic life of teachers and students.