高速铁路0.01~1 m波段高低轨道不平顺特性分析

Investigation on 0.01~1 m wavelength longitudinal level irregularity of high speed railway

随着我国高速铁路发展规模的不断扩大及运营速度的不断提升,轨道短波不平顺引起的振动与噪声问题日益严重。深入研究高速铁路短波不平顺的时域、频域与时频域特征,对精准掌握高速铁路轨道短波平顺状态及其引起的车-轨系统振动、伤损等一系列问题具有重要的参考价值。以某高速铁路实测0.01~1 m波段轨面高低不平顺数据为研究对象,经过数据预处理剔除异常值并消除趋势项后,对实测不平顺数据进行时域分析,得到该高铁线路短波不平顺数据的统计与分布特性。采用平均周期图法计算该高铁线路轨道短波不平顺功率谱密度,应用非线性最小二乘拟合优化算法进行拟合,提出高速铁路轨道短波不平顺谱。从时频域角度对该段数据进行经验模态分解与希尔伯特变换,分析该高铁线路短波不平顺的希尔伯特谱与边际谱。研究结果表明:该高铁线路轨道短波不平顺数据各统计量幅值都较小,且近似服从正态分布;该高铁线路轨道短波不平顺功率谱密度存在与钢轨波磨有关的多个周期性成分,提出的高速铁路短波不平顺谱函数能够很好地对实测功率谱密度进行拟合,且拟合效果优于经典的SATO建议的短波谱与50 kg/m钢轨的短波谱;对该高铁线路轨道可能存在的短波病害进行识别与定位,时频域分析的方法可以较好地应用于高速铁路轨道平顺性的分析与日常的管理维护。

With the continuous expansion of China’s high-speed railway development and the ongoing improvement in operational speed,the issue of vibrations and noise caused by uneven track short-wave irregularity has become increasingly severe.A thorough investigation into the time domain,frequency domain and time-frequency domain characteristics of high-speed railway short-wave irregularity holds significant reference value in accurately grasping the track regularity and the resulting vibrations and damages to the vehicletrack system.Taking the measured data of surface longitudinal level irregularities in the 0.01~1 m wavelength range of a certain high-speed railway as the subject of study.After preprocessing the data to eliminate outliers and trend components,a time domain analysis was performed on the measured irregularity data,revealing the statistical and distribution characteristics of short waves on this high-speed railway line.Using the average periodogram method,the power spectral density of track short-wave irregularity on this high-speed railway line was computed.A nonlinear least squares fitting optimization algorithm was employed to propose the spectrum of track short-wave irregularity.Furthermore,an empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert transform were conducted on the data from a time-frequency perspective to analyze the Hilbert spectrum and marginal spectrum of short-wave irregularity on this high-speed railway line.The results indicate that the amplitude of various statistical quantities of track short-wave irregularity on this high-speed railway line is relatively small.They approximately follow a normal distribution.The power spectral density of track short-wave irregularity on this high-speed railway line contains multiple periodic components related to rail corrugation.The proposed spectrum of high-speed railway track short-wave irregularity fits the measured power spectral density well,with a fitting performance superior to the classical SATO proposed short-wave spectrum and the short-wave spectrum of 50 kg/m rails.Identification and localization of potential short-wave irregularity defects on this high-speed railway line are performed,and the time-frequency analysis method can be effectively applied to the analysis and routine management and maintenance of track regularity in high-speed railways.