混凝土3D打印建造的低碳性研究进展

Research progress on low carbon characters of 3D concrete printing based construction

混凝土3D打印技术作为一种新兴的高效自动化建造技术,在实现建筑领域低碳化方面具有重要的应用潜力。针对混凝土3D打印技术目前在低碳性方面的优势和面临的挑战进行系统性介绍。相较于传统建造方式,3D打印技术省人工、免模板的特点带来了建造人员结构以及成型工艺的改变,使得建筑施工阶段碳排放量大幅下降,同时减少了现场建筑垃圾排放;高设计自由度为多种低碳化建筑结构设计提供了新的选择;拓扑优化、节能-增材制造一体化、可拆卸再建造等结构设计策略有助于节约原材料、降低运行能耗以及实现资源循环利用。此外,材料低碳是目前3D打印低碳混凝土所面临的重要挑战之一,3D打印技术与固废利用、轻质、地聚物、纤维增强等低碳化混凝土体系的结合是进一步创新优化低碳性的有效途径。未来,混凝土3D打印技术将依赖于工艺优化、结构设计、材料研发等多方面的协同发展,助力建筑领域实现自动化和绿色低碳化转型。

3D concrete printing(3DCP)is an emerging and highly automated building technology that holds great potential in promoting evolution of low-carbon constructions industry.In this study,advantages and challenges of 3D concrete printing in terms of low-carbon construction are systematically elaborated.Compared to traditional construction techniques,the benefits of 3DCP with respect to labor-saving and formwork-free cause revolutions in labor structure and building process,which can largely mitigate carbon emissions and wastes from traditional on-site construction.Moreover,the high flexibility of 3DCP technique in construction to complex structures provides possibilities for achieving new types of low-carbon structural designs.Innovative designs like topological structural optimization,energy integration and rebuildable design can contribute to material saving,energy conservation and resources recycling.Low carbon material design has been one of the critical issues for low carbon 3DCP.From this aspect,the utilization of solid wastes,lightweight concrete,geopolymer concrete and fiber-reinforced concrete for 3D printing can provide effective solutions.Based on the collaborative development of technique optimization,structural design and material research,3DCP technology will definitely promote the transformation of traditional construction industry towards automation and green low carbon in the future.