基于DEMATEL-ISM的林果冷链物流脆弱性关键影响因素辨识

Identification of key influencing factors of forest fruit cold chain logistics vulnerability based on DEMATEL-ISM

【目的】探究林果冷链物流流通过程中的脆弱性影响因素,旨在针对林果冷链流通过程中存在的高损耗、低流通率、易中断等问题,提出一种林果冷链物流脆弱性关键影响因素辨识方法。【方法】梳理林果冷链物流主要业务环节、参与主体及林果冷链物流脆弱性问题,综合文献研究法、德尔菲法,识别出脆弱性影响因素,集成决策实验与评价试验法(DEMATEL)与解释结构模型(ISM)辨识林果冷链物流脆弱性关键影响因素。绘制多层递阶结构模型图,挖掘林果冷链物流脆弱性的深层致因,把握其形成的内在机理。【结果】由中心度得出冷链物流基础网络、林果损耗情况、林果品质、冷链物流运作成本、行业竞争压力,为林果冷链物流系统关键脆弱性影响因素,影响程度较大;发现在林果冷链物流系统中,管理层质量意识、信息共享、行业竞争压力为林果冷链物流脆弱性深层根本致因,是林果冷链物流这一复杂系统脆弱性的根源;组织结构的复杂性、林果品质、冷链配送及时性、冷链物流路径的合理规划为表层直接致因,即林果冷链物流受脆弱性扰动时最直观的表象;其它影响因素为中间间接致因,是产生林果冷链物流脆弱性的过渡层,受深层致因影响,同时又影响着表层致因。【结论】由林果冷链物流脆弱性关键影响因素和深层根本致因可得,政府部门应完善林果冷链物流政策标准及监管体系,为林果冷链物流稳定发展营造良好环境;行业应制定行业规范,确保良性竞争,降低林果损耗;企业在生产作业过程中提高质量意识,引进冷链专业人才,提高员工工作协同度及企业间信息共享程度,提高林果冷链流通率。

【Objective】Exploring the vulnerability influencing factors in the circulation process of forest fruit cold chain logistics,aiming to put forward a method of identifying the key influencing factors of vulnerability in forest fruit cold chain logistics in view of the problems of high loss,low circulation rate,and easy to be interrupted in the cold chain circulation process of forest fruits.【Method】The main business links,participating parties and the vulnerability of forest fruit cold chain logistics were sorted out,the vulnerability factors were identified by integrating the literature research method and the Delphi method,and the key influencing factors of forest fruit cold chain logistics vulnerability were identified by integrating the Decision making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL)and the Interpretative Structural Model(ISM).The multi-level hierarchical structure model was drawn to explore the deep-seated causes of the vulnerability of forest fruit cold chain logistics and to grasp the intrinsic mechanism of vulnerability formation.【Result】It was found that in the forest fruit cold chain logistics system,management quality awareness,information sharing and industry competition pressure were the deep root causes of the vulnerability of forest fruit cold chain logistics,which was the root cause of the vulnerability of this complex system;the complexity of the organizational structure,the quality of forest fruits,the timeliness of the cold chain distribution,and the rational planning of the cold chain logistics path were the surface direct causes,which was the most intuitive appearance of the vulnerability of the forest fruit cold chain logistics;the other influencing factors were the intermediate and indirect causes,which were the transitional layers of the vulnerability of the forest fruit cold chain logistics and were affected by the deep causes and at the same time influence the surface causes.【Conclusion】From the key factors affecting the vulnerability of the cold chain logistics of forest fruits and the deep-rooted causes,it can be concluded that the government departments should improve the policy standards and regulatory system of the cold chain logistics of forest fruits to create a favorable environment for the stable development of the cold chain logistics of forest fruits;the industry should formulate the industry norms to ensure the benign competition and to reduce the loss of forest fruits;the enterprises should improve the quality consciousness during the production process,introduce the cold chain professionals,improve the degree of the employees’work synergy and the degree of the information sharing among the enterprises,and increase the rate of the circulation of the forest fruits in the cold chain.