232份花生种质资源荚果和籽仁相关性状的遗传多样性分析

Phenotypic Diversity Analysis of Related Traits between Pod and Seed of 232 Peanut Germplasm Resources

为了解花生种质资源的遗传多样性,本试验利用荚果及籽仁相关性状调查数据对232份花生种质资源组成的自然群体进行表型多样性分析、变异系数分析、遗传参数分析、相关性分析及聚类分析,籍此为花生品种资源的有效利用和新品种选育提供理论依据。结果表明:花生荚果和籽仁相关的9个分级性状和13个农艺性状的遗传多样性指数变幅分别为0.44~1.34和1.81~2.10,均值分别为0.95和2.03。13个农艺性状的变异范围在8.02%~36.78%之间,均值为18.55%,达到中等程度变异,说明该群体存在较为丰富的遗传多样性。总体来看,13个农艺性状的广义遗传率差异较大,变幅为31.24%~85.54%,其中荚果长、宽、厚的广义遗传率都在80%以上。百果质量和百仁质量的相对遗传进度分别为35.94%和39.27%,可获得的遗传增量分别为56.958和21.841。相关性分析结果表明,各农艺性状之间互相影响、相互制约,荚果长、荚果宽、荚果厚、果腰、籽仁长、籽仁宽、单株产量、百果质量、百仁质量这9个农艺性状之间彼此显著正相关。系统聚类分析在平方Euclidean距离为12时将232份花生种质资源划分为三类,不同类群间多数性状差异较大;同时筛选到10份优良的大果大粒型花生种质资源。综上说明232份花生种质资源间存在丰富的遗传多样性,性状改良空间大。

In order to understand the genetic diversity of peanut germplasm resources and provide theoretical basis for the effective utilization of peanut variety resources and the breeding of new peanut varieties,phenotypic diversity analysis,coefficient of variation analysis,genetic parameter analysis,correlation analysis,and cluster analysis were carried out on 232 natural populations of peanut germplasm resources using the survey data of pod and seed related traits.The results showed that the genetic diversity index of 9 classification traits and 13 agronomic traits related to peanut pod and seed ranged from 0.44 to 1.34 and 1.81 to 2.10,respectively,with an average value of 0.95 and 2.03.The variation of 13 agronomic traits ranged from 8.02%to 36.78%,with an average of 18.55%,reaching a moderate degree of variation,indicating that there was relatively rich genetic diversity in this population.Overall,the generalized heritability of 13 agronomic traits varied greatly,ranging from 31.24%to 85.54%.The generalized heritability of pod length,width and thickness was above 80%.The relative genetic progress of 100-fruit mass and 100-kernel mass was 35.94%and 39.27%,respectively,and the available genetic increment was 56.958 and 21.841.The results of correlation analysis showed that the agronomic traits influenced and restricted each other,and the nine agronomic traits of pod length,pod width,pod thickness,fruit waist,kernel length,kernel width,yield per plant,100-fruit mass,and 100-kernel mass were significantly positively correlated with each other.By systematic cluster analysis,232 peanut germplasm resources were divided into three categories at the square Euclidean distance of 12,and most traits were different among different groups.The above results indicated that there was rich genetic diversity among 232 peanut germplasm resources,and there was large space for character improvement.