《庄子》“枯槁”意象的生命哲学内涵

Life Philosophy of the Image of “Witheredness” in Zhuangzi

“枯槁”是死亡的形态,但是在《庄子》中却有着丰富的场景使用,有时被用为反面意象指代隐士;更多情况下则被用为正面意象,常被表述为“形若槁木,心若死灰”。无论哪种情况,其外在形态背后紧密关联着精神内涵。具体说来,第一类反映的是好恶之情、情溺其中带来的生命伤害;第二类反映的是齐同万物、泯灭主体意识的重要性。再进一步说,则两类意象之间又是紧密相关、贯通一致的。其一致之处在于:其中都浸润着浓厚的生命哲学内涵;讲求对于生命本真的葆藏,追求藏精蕴神、保守本真、以天合天的自由境界;与“枯槁”死亡的表面形态不同。

“Witheredness”is a form of death,but it is used in various places in Zhuangzi as an image,sometimes negatively refering to hermits,and more often positively meaning“with a body like a haggard wood,and a heart like dead ashes”.In either case,there is a spiritual connotation beneath the outward form.Specifically,the first category reflects the harm to life brought about by the feelings of likes and dislikes,and the second reflects the importance of being in tune with all things and the loss of subjective consciousness.Furthermore,the two types are closely related and consistent with each other,for both are imbued with rich connotations of life philosophy.Both emphasize the preservation of the true nature of life,and pursue the freedom of combining human nature with the nature of things,instead of highlighting death which is only the superficial meaning of“witheredness”.