军事飞行人员嗅觉功能定量检测方法及正常参考值的建立

Establishing a quantitative olfactory function detection method and normal reference value for military pilots

背景鼻腔系统气压损伤性疾病在军事飞行人员中有较高的发生率,嗅觉系统疾病是影响飞行人员健康和飞行安全的重要因素之一。目的建立军事飞行人员嗅觉功能定量检测方法及参考值范围,为飞行人员嗅觉功能评价提供参考依据。方法采用横断面调查研究设计,选取健康改装体检军事飞行人员作为受检者,分别进行嗅觉阈值、嗅觉分辨、嗅觉识别测试,以x±1.64 s计算各项测试的正常参考值范围,分析测试结果与年龄、吸烟、饮酒的相关性。结果118例飞行人员均为男性,年龄18~43(24.09±6.62)岁,嗅觉阈值(10.87±3.77)分、嗅觉分辨(11.49±1.86)分、嗅觉识别中位得分36.00(IQR:34.00~37.00)分,测试总分结果57.73±5.94分;各项正常参考值范围分别为嗅觉阈值4.69~17.05分、嗅觉分辨8.44~14.54分、嗅觉识别30.70~40.00分、测试总分47.99~67.47分。嗅觉功能各项测试结果与年龄的关联性均无统计学差异(P>0.05),吸烟组与不吸烟组、饮酒与不饮酒组各项测试结果均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论本研究建立了军事飞行人员嗅觉功能的定量检测方法和正常参考值范围,为飞行学员选拔和飞行人员医学鉴定提供了客观参考依据。

Background Nasal pressure injury diseases have a high incidence among military pilots,and olfactory system diseases have become one of the most important factors affecting the health and flight safety of flights.Objective To establish the quantitative detection method and normal reference values of quantitative olfactory function test in military pilots and provide references for evaluating olfactory function.Methods By adopting the cross-sectional survey method,118 healthy male military pilots were selected as the subjects,with age ranging from 18 to 43(average age of 24.09±6.62)years.The olfactory threshold,olfactory discrimination,and olfactory identification tests were performed separately and the normal reference range for each test was calculated in x±1.64 s.The correlations between the results of each test,age,smoking,and drinking were analyzed.Results The results of olfactory threshold,olfactory discrimination and total test scores of 118 military pilots were 10.87±3.77,11.49±1.86,57.73±5.94,respectively,olfactory identification was 36.00(IQR:34.00-37.00),and the normal reference ranges for each of these values were 4.69-17.05,8.44-14.54,30.70-40.00,and 47.99-67.47.There was no correlation between olfactory function test scores and the subject’s age(P>0.05).There was no statistical difference in all test results between the smoking and non-smoking groups and between the drinking and non-drinking groups(P>0.05).Conclusion This study has established the quantitative detection method and normal reference values of olfactory function for military pilots,which provide references for aviation medical identification during the selection of flight attendants,and medical examination of pilots.