摘要
背景夜战是现代战争的重要组成部分,微光环境下视觉功能急剧下降,给夜间战场直升机医疗救援带来了极大的困难。应用夜视镜(night vision goggles,NVGs)辅助夜间战场直升机救援是近年来的趋势,也是提升军事卫勤保障能力的有效途径。目的了解我军直升机机组人员NVGs使用及接受培训情况,为构建应用NVGs实施夜间战场直升机医疗救援课程提供基本支持。方法应用自拟调查问卷,对2020年8月-2021年4月赴某中心疗养的直升机部队NVGs使用者进行调查,内容涉及三个方面:(1)夜间视觉基础掌握情况(包括夜视生理盲点、夜间视敏度、色觉、夜间近视、细节辨认、扫视技巧、暗视觉保护7个方面);(2)NVGs的局限对使用者的影响及其程度(包括视野、距离判断、色觉、深度感知、视敏度、目标发现能力、立体感知、运动感知、视疲劳、颈部疲劳、眼部疼痛、头痛或头晕、余像13个方面);(3)NVGs使用及接受培训情况。结果发放调查问卷54份,收回有效问卷51份,回收率94.4%。51份有效问卷填写者均为男性,平均年龄36.29±6.37(范围:25~48)岁。使用者对7个方面夜间视觉基础知识总体掌握率为19.3%,其中对于“裸眼夜间视敏度下降”掌握得最好,掌握率为47.1%;对于“裸眼夜航存在夜近视”以及“黄昏黎明亮度环境下裸眼飞行时需要通过扫视观察目标”掌握得最差,掌握率为0。除“NVGs使用后产生的余像”外,被调查者认为NVGs的12个方面局限均对使用者造成影响,距离判断、色觉功能下降及视野缩小的影响最大,“由于NVGs使用导致的头疼、头晕及眼部疼痛”的影响最小。NVGs使用者中接受过培训的人数占调查人数的76.5%;接受过使用方法培训的人数最多,占94.9%;接受过暗视觉保护培训的人数最少,占5.1%。结论目前直升机组人员NVGs的使用时长较短,使用频率较低,针对NVGs的标准化培训尚未推广。构建夜间战场直升机医疗救援课程需重点关注距离判断、色觉功能下降和视野缩小三部分内容。
Background Night battle is an important part of modern warfare.However,dramatically decrease of visual function on low-light environment brings great difficulties to the helicopter medical rescue at night.The use of night vision goggles(NVGs)to assist night battlefield helicopter rescue is a trend in recent years,which is also an effective way to improve the military medical support capability.Objective To understand the usage of NVGs and the training condition of the helicopter crew,and provide support for constructing and implementing night battlefield helicopter medical rescue courses using NVGs.Methods Using a selfdesigned questionnaire,a survey was conducted on NVGs users from helicopter crew members who went to a certain rehabilitation center from August 2020 to April 2021.The survey covered three aspects:(1)Knowledge of night vision(7 items,including,physiological blind spot in night vision,night visual acuity,color vision,night myopia,details identify,scanning techniques,scotopic vision protection);(2)Extent of the impact of NVGs limitations(13 items,including,field of view,distance judgment,color vision,depth perception,visual acuity,target discovery capability,stereo perception,motion perception,asthenopia,neck fatigue,eye pain,headache/dizzy);(3)Training experience of the users.Results We received 51 validated questionnaires with a recovery rate of 94.4%(51/54).All the cases were male,with a mean age of 36.29±6.37(range,25-48)years.Among the 51 NVGs users,19.3%of them correctly answered 7 questions of night vision.The item with highest accuracy rate was"naked eye visual acuity decreased at night",accounted for 47.1%,while item with lowest accuracy rate was"night myopia and mesopic vision scan technique",accounted for 0.The NVGs users believed except afterimage,the other 12 limitations of NVGs affected them significantly.The impact of decreased distance judgment,decreased color vision and visual field constriction were greatest,and the impact of headache,dizzy and eye pain were smallest.Totally 76.5%NVG users attended training course.The highest number of users,accounting for 94.9%,received training on the method of use,while the fewest,making up 5.1%,received training on dark vision protection.Conclusion At present,the usage time and frequency of NVGs by helicopter crew members are relatively short.Standardized training for NVGs has not been carried out.Distance judgment,decreased color vision and visual field limitation are key points of the curriculum of night battlefield helicopter medical rescue.
作者
曹瑞丹
张磊
马金磊
陈涛
王小成
张迁
CAO Ruidan;ZHANG Lei;MA Jinlei;CHEN Tao;WANG Xiaocheng;ZHANG Qian(Aerospace Clinical Medical Center,School of Aerospace Medicine,Air Force Medical University,Xi’an 710032,Shaanxi Province,China;Shaanxi Eye Hospital,Xi’an People’s Hospital(Xi’an Fourth Hospital),Xi’an 710004,Shaanxi Province,China;Unit 94850 of the Chinese People’s Liberation Army,Quzhou 324000,Zhejiang Province,China)
出处
《解放军医学院学报》
CAS
北大核心
2023年第12期1340-1343,1356,共5页
Academic Journal of Chinese PLA Medical School
基金
军队课题(2020SZRC1004)。
关键词
夜视镜
夜间战场
直升机医疗救援
课程构建
night vision goggles
night battlefield
helicopter emergency medical rescue
curriculum construction