早期电影,晚期电影:公共领域的重组

Early Cinema,Late Cinema:Permutations of the Public Sphere

分散、私人的新型观影方式现已取代了古典模式,新的影片—观众关系使以古典模式为基础的“观众—主体”电影理论过时。在修正哈贝马斯“公共领域”概念的基础上,内格特与克鲁格提出复合、竞争、开放的“无产阶级公共领域”,强调工商业公共是一种“经验的社会视野”。电影既是表征和接受的自我公共领域,又属于更大社会视野的一部分。边缘的观众、自由的观看、放映的现场性,使电影真正成为一种公共活动,其中社会经验得以被经验主体重新移用。

The new post-modern way of viewing movies in a decentralized and private way shows that early films have a strong plot effect and a mandatory screening environment that differ from the classical model.The new relationship between film and audience made the“spectator-subject”film theory of the 1970s obsolete.On the basis of revising Habermas's concept of the“public sphere”,Negt and Kluge emphasize the industrialcommercial public as a“social horizon of experience”.Cinema is both a public sphere in its own right,defined by specific relations of representation and reception,and part of a larger social horizon.The marginal audience,the freedom of viewing,and the liveness of the screening make film a truly public activity,in which social experience can be re-transferred by the subject of experience.