双系父权:“并家婚”中的代际关系及其实践逻辑

Bilateral Patriarchy:The Intergenerational Relationship and Its Practical Logic in"Bilocal Marriage"

“双系父权”是一种姻亲、血亲和代际关系三足鼎立的新型家庭权力关系格局。以“并家婚”为表现形式的双系实践日益引起学界普遍关注和讨论,但既有研究对双系代际互动的具体机制及其中的权力关系缺乏系统性分析。基于苏南地区的田野调查研究发现,以“不嫁不娶”、“两头走”、统一亲属称谓、双边继承和赡养、平等冠姓权等为表现形式的双系实践日益普遍,并形成相对稳定的双系代际互动模式。在这种双系代际互动模式中,女方原生家庭在小家庭中的地位和话语权日益凸显。双方父母基于对代际亲密关系的情感诉求、传宗接代的价值诉求以及家庭平等的权利诉求,不断加深对小家庭的干预,从而形塑出“双系父权”格局。“双系父权”格局之下,双系原生家庭为小家庭提供了充足的经济支持和人力支持,这使得年轻夫妻不仅在经济层面上能够维持中产阶层生活,还能够在一定程度上从家庭事务中解放出来,更好地平衡家庭与事业之间的关系,这对于年轻女性而言尤其重要。作为回报,小家庭也不得不让渡一部分权利给双方父母,以此保持代际之间的均衡互惠。“双系父权”的提出突破了父权制理论的父系单系家庭假设,进一步丰富和推动了父权制理论。

"Bilateral patriarchy"is a new family power relationship pattern with three pillars:in-laws,blood relatives and intergenerational relationships.The bilateral practice in the form of"bilocal marriage"has attracted widespread attention and discussion in the academic community.However,existing research lacks a systematic research on the intergenerational interaction mechanisms of"bilocal marriage".Fieldwork research based on southern Jiangsu found that the practice of"bujia buqu","residing-both-sides",unified kinship title,bilateral inheritance and support,and equal rights to bear surnames are increasingly common,and a relatively stable mode of intergenerational interaction has gradually formed.In this bilateral generational interaction mode,the female family plays an increasingly prominent role in the small family.Based on the emotional demands for intergenerational intimacy,the value demands for family continuity and the equal rights demands of dual-line family,parents on both sides continuously deepening their intervention in the small family,thus forming a"bilateral patriarchy"pattern.Under this pattern,dual-line native families provide sufficient economic and human support for small families.This not only enables young couples to maintain a middle-class life,but also liberates them from family life to some extent,thus better handling the relationship between family and career,which is particularly important for young women.In return,small families also have to transfer some of its rights to both parents in order to maintain intergenerational balance and mutual benefit.The proposal of"bilateral patriarchy"breaks through the assumption of patrilineal monogamous families in patriarchy theory and further enriches and promotes patriarchal theory.