基于时机理论的出院计划在老年髋关节置换病人主要照顾者中的应用研究

Application of Discharge Plan Based on Timing Theory in Primary Caregivers of Elderly Patients with Hip Replacement

目的 探讨基于时机理论的出院计划在老年髋关节置换病人主要照顾者中的应用效果,为制订规范化的出院计划提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法,选取2023年4月至8月在新疆医科大学第一附属医院行髋关节置换的68例老年病人的主要照顾者为研究对象,根据病人入院时间分为对照组和观察组,每组34例。对照组实施常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上实施基于时机理论的出院计划。观察两组病人主要照顾者干预前后的准备度、照顾能力及疾病获益感得分情况。结果 干预后,观察组主要照顾者的准备度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。广义估计方程结果显示:出院1个月、3个月,两组主要照顾者照顾能力的组间效应有统计学意义(Wald χ^(2)组间=29.79,P组间<0.001),交互效应无统计学意义(Wald χ^(2)交互=2.20,P交互=0.14);疾病获益感的组间效应、交互效应均有统计学意义(Wald χ^(2)组间=232.91,P组间<0.001;Wald χ^(2)交互=113.42,P交互<0.001)。结论 基于时机理论的出院计划可以提高照顾者准备度及照顾能力,减轻出院照护压力,提升照顾者疾病获益感。

Objective To explore the application effect of discharge plan based on timing theory in primary caregivers of elderly patients with hip replacement,and to provide reference for the formulation of standardized discharge plan.Methods Using convenience sampling method,68 elderly patients who underwent hip replacement in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from April to August 2023 were selected,and the primary caregiver served as the research subject.They were divided into a control group and an observation group based on their admission time,with 34 patients in each group.The control group received routine care,while the observation group received a discharge plan based on timing theory on the basis of routine care.The readiness,caring ability,and disease benefit scores of the main caregivers in two groups were observed before and after intervention.Results After intervention,the caregiver readiness in the observation group was higher than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).The results of the generalized estimation equation showed that one month and three months after discharge,there was a statistically significant intergroup effect on the care ability of the two groups of primary caregivers(Wald χ^(2)group=29.79,Pgroup<0.001),and the interaction effect was not statistically significant(Wald χ^(2)interactions=2.20,Pinteractions=0.14).The intergroup and interaction effects of disease benefit were statistically significant(Wald χ^(2)group=232.91,Pgroup<0.001;Waldχ2interactions=113.42,Pinteractions<0.001).Conclusion Hospital discharge planning based on timing theory can improve caregiversreadiness and ability to care,reduce discharge care pressure,and enhance caregiverssense of benefit from illness.