美国中小学服务性学习要素分析、实施策略与启示

Service Learning in American Primary and Secondary Schools:Connotation analysis,Implementation Strategy and Enlightenment

我国2022年新版义务教育课程方案倡导学生参与社会实践,在发现并解决真实问题中培养核心素养,这一理念与服务性学习不谋而合。美国的中小学服务性学习已有上百年的历史,涉及多个角色职能、典型特征和基本类型等要素,在具体实施中采取明晰育人目标、整合学习内容、明确实施流程和开展多元效果评价等策略,学区与校外主体的合作方式和流程也保障了服务性学习的良好运行。文章基于对美国服务性学习的梳理与分析,对我国跨学科主题学习活动、综合实践活动的设计与实施提出了建议。

The new version of China’s compulsory education curriculum plan in 2022 advocates for students to participate in social practice and cultivate core competencies in discovering and solving real problems.This concept coincides with service learning.Service learning in primary and secondary schools in the United States has a history of over a hundred years,involving multiple roles,functions,typical characteristics,and basic types.In the specific implementation,strategies such as clarifying educational goals,integrating learning content,clarifying implementation processes,and conducting diversified effect evaluations are adopted.The cooperation methods and processes between school districts and off campus entities also ensure the good operation of service learning.The article is based on a review and analysis of service learning in the United States,and provides suggestions for the design and implementation of interdisciplinary thematic learning activities and comprehensive practical courses in China.