海洋类国家公园社区协调发展国际案例研究与借鉴

International case study and reference for the coordinated development of Marine national park communities

随着我国海洋类国家公园创建工作的推进,社区协调发展成为关键内容。但长期以来,我国海洋自然保护地管理相对粗放,国家公园社区协调理念上强调社区共管但具体实践中相对排除社区利用,我国海洋类国家公园社区协调发展机制待进一步构建。选取澳大利亚大堡礁国家公园、美国比斯坎国家公园、英国彭布罗克郡海岸国家公园和日本知床国家公园四个发达国家的海洋国家公园案例,从社区协调发展目标、社区可持续海洋利用管理、社区参与海洋保护共管三方面总结归纳海洋类国家公园社区协调发展的特征。在此基础上,构建我国海洋类国家公园社区协调发展借鉴的框架,提出在社区协调发展目标、路径、具体举措方面的建议。

With the promotion of the establishment of Marine national parks in China,the coordinated development of communities has become a key content.However,for a long time,the management of Marine protected natural areas in China is relatively extensive,and the national park community coordination concept emphasizes community co-management,but the community utilization is relatively excluded in practice.The coordinated development mechanism of Marine national parks in China needs to be further constructed.This article selects four cases of marine national parks in developed countries:Australia′s Great Barrier Reef National Park,Biscayne National Park in the United States,Pembrokeshire Coast National Park in the United Kingdom,and Japan′s Shiretoko National Park.It summarizes the characteristics of community-coordinated development in marine national parks from three aspects:community coordinated development goals,sustainable marine utilization management,and marine conservation and co-management.On this basis,the framework for reference for the coordinated development of Marine national parks in China is constructed,and suggestions on the coordinated development goals,paths and specific measures of communities are put forward.