碱性电解水用隔膜材料的优选研究

Study on optimum selection of diaphragm materials for alkaline electyolytic water

碱性电解水制氢作为一种清洁高效的氢能生产途径,技术相对成熟,应用最为广泛。隔膜是电解池的重要组成部分,对电解池的电解性能影响较大。基于降低电解水制氢电解电压的目的,通过对不同种类隔膜的结构特性和电导率进行分析与测试,并结合其在电解池中的电解性能的综合评估,探究了隔膜的结构与性能的关系,进而优选出适用于碱性电解水的隔膜材料。根据碱性电解水所需隔膜性能的指标(包括膜电导率、孔隙率、耐碱性、气泡渗透性、润湿性、机械强度和热稳定性等)进行了高分子隔膜的筛选。通过对几种不同规格、型号的国产和进口商用高分子隔膜进行综合比较,发现进口的AGFA-IV隔膜性能最优,其孔隙率为60%±10%,膜电导率为51.7 cm^(-1)·Ω^(-1)。在此基础上组装成电解池并测试了AGFA-IV隔膜的电解性能。结果表明,基于进口的AGFA-IV隔膜的电解池在电解测试过程中具有最低的水电解电压,当电流密度为0.4 A/cm^(2)时,其电解电压为1.841 V,因此确定进口的AGFA-IV隔膜为该体系的最优隔膜材料。该研究有助于更好地理解隔膜在碱性电解池电解过程中的性能特点,并对设计和构建用于碱性电解水的高性能隔膜有一定借鉴作用。

As a clean and efficient way to produce hydrogen energy,alkaline electrolytic water technology is relatively mature and widely used.The diaphragm is an important part of the electrolytic cell and plays a key role in the electrolysis performance of the cell.Based on the purpose of reducing the electrolysis voltage of hydrogen production by electrolytic water,by analyzing and testing the structural characteristics and conductivity of different types of diaphragm,combined with the comprehensive evaluation of their electrolytic performance in electrolytic cell,the relationship between the structure and performance of the diaphragm was explored,and the diaphragm material suitable for alkaline electrolyzed water was optimized.Polymer diaphragms were screened according to the indicators of diaphragm performance required for alkaline water electrolysis,such as diaphragm conductivity,porosity,alkali resistance,bubble permeability,wettability,mechanical strength and thermal stability.Several domestic and imported commercial polymer porous diaphragms of different specifications and models were selected.Through a comprehensive comparison of several domestic and imported commercial polymer diaphragms with different specifications and models,it is found that the imported AGFA-IV diaphragm have the best performance,with a porosity of 60%±10%and a diaphragms conductivity of 51.7 cm^(-1)·Ω^(-1).An electrolytic cell was assembled and the electrolytic performance of the AGFA-IV diaphragm was tested on this basis.The results show that the electrolytic cell based on the imported AGFA-IV diaphragm has the lowest water electrolysis voltage during the electrolysis test,which is 1.841 V at the 0.4 A/cm^(2).Therefore,it is determined that the imported AGFA-IV diaphragm is the optimal material for the system.The research helps to better understand the basic knowledge of the diaphragm in the process of alkaline electrolytic cell electrolysis,and plays a certain role in the design and construction of high-performance diaphragm for alkaline electrolytic water.