多准则决策分析优化电动医疗设备预防性维修路径的研究

Research on optimization of preventive maintenance path for electric medical equipment based on multicriteria decision analysis

目的:采用多准则决策分析(MCDA)方法对电动医疗设备预防性维修路径进行优化并验证其优化效果。方法:组建医疗设备管理小组,以文献研究与小组讨论的形式确定电动医疗设备预防性维修路径;组织相关领域内的15名专家,以会议研讨形式确定并论证预防性维修路径评价准则,设定准则权重;专家以准则为标准对各项预防性维修路径进行打分,利用均值计算每条维修路径的评分并进行排序形成最优路径。选取2021-2022年解放军联勤保障部队第960医院临床在用的7类767台电动医疗设备,根据管理模式不同分别采用常规预防维修管理(简称常规管理模式)和MCDA方法优化后的预防性维修路径管理(简称MCDA管理模式),对比两种管理模式电动医疗设备的故障发生率、维修时长、质检合格率及维修成本等指标变化情况。结果:研究期间内采用MCDA管理模式的电动医疗设备故障发生率为8.71%(67/767),低于常规管理模式,其差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.960,P<0.05);采用MCDA管理模式的设备维修时长为(2.24±1.17)d,低于常规管理模式,其差异有统计学意义(t=2.360,P<0.05);采用MCDA管理模式的质检合格率为(96.57±2.74)%,高于常规管理模式,其差异有统计学意义(t=4.342,P<0.05);采用MCDA管理模式的设备平均维修费用占其资产的比例为2.37%,低于常规管理模式,其差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.261,P<0.05)。结论:MCDA方法能够为电动医疗设备预防性维修路径优化提供定量化的结构模型,优化后的预防性维修路径能够实现对电动医疗设备的高效管理,注重维修人员技术水平培训可提高自修率,降低医疗设备故障率。

Objective:To optimize the preventive maintenance path of electric medical equipment by adopting multicriteria decision analysis(MCDA),and to verify its optimization effect.Methods:The preventive maintenance paths for electric medical equipment were determined through literature research and management group discussions.An expert meeting was organized to discuss,determine,and demonstrate the preventive maintenance path evaluation criteria,and the weight of the criteria was set.Each preventive maintenance path was scored by experts based on criteria,the score of each maintenance path was calculated using the mean and sorted to form the optimal path.767 electric medical equipment of 7 categories in clinical use in the 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistics Support Force from 2021 to 2022 were selected,conventional preventive maintenance management(referred to as conventional management mode)and preventive maintenance path management optimized by MCDA method(referred to as MCDA management mode)were adopted respectively according to different management modes.The changes in indicators such as failure rate,maintenance time,quality inspection pass rate and maintenance cost of electric medical equipment were compared between the two management models.Results:The failure occurrence rate of electric medical equipment of the MCDA management mode was 8.71%(67/767),which was lower than that of the conventional management mode,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=3.960,P<0.05).The equipment maintenance time of the MCDA management mode was(2.24±1.17)days,which was lower than that of the conventional management mode,the difference was statistically significant(t=2.360,P<0.05).The quality inspection qualification rate of the MCDA management model was(96.57±2.74)%,which was higher than that of the conventional management mode,the difference was statistically significant(t=4.342,P<0.05).The average maintenance cost of equipment of the MCDA management model accounted for 2.37%of its assets,which was lower than that of the conventional management mode,the difference was statistically significant(χ^(2)=4.261,P<0.05).Conclusion:The MCDA method can provide a quantitative structural model for the optimization of preventive maintenance paths for electric medical equipment,and the optimized preventive maintenance paths can achieve efficient management of electric medical equipment,and focusing on the training of maintenance personnel's technical level can increase the self-repair rate and reduce the failure rate of medical equipment.