民国时期城市水上政区的建置过程

The Construction Process of the Urban Water Administration Area during the Republic of China Period

水域行政管理是近代中国,尤其是民国时期行政管理的重要组成部分,不过民国时期城市水上政区的建置却是一个比较曲折复杂的过程。清末民初时期,城市尚未成为独立的行政区,主要通过设置水上警察机构进行城市水域管理;1921—1943年是城市型政区创立阶段,往往以水上警区充当水上政区;1943年新版《市组织法》颁布后,城市型政区初步完善,有不少城市正式设置了水上区、水上保和水上甲等三类水上政区,其中又以仅设置水上保与水上甲的城市居多,只有重庆、广州等个别城市设置有“区—保—甲”三级水上政区。水上政区普遍层级偏少、偏低的原因,一是因为水上人口规模相对有限,没必要设置较多层级的水上政区;二是与各地市政府普遍财政紧张,需要尽可能精简行政机构等情况密切相关。

Water area administration is an important part of modern administration,particularly in the Republic of China,but the establishment of a water area administration area during the Republic of China was a rather tortuous and complicated process.Before the city became an independent administrative region in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,the relevant cities had set up the water police for full-time management.In the initial period of the urban government district from 1921 to 1943,it was a common practice to treat the police district as a municipal district in the early years of urban administrative districts,and many cities treated the water police district as a water administrative district.After the promulgation of the new version of the Municipal Organic Law in 1943,urban administrative areas had been preliminary improved,many cities set up three types of urban government districts,including Shuishang Qu,Shuishang Bao and Shuishang Jia,but most of them only set up Shuishang Bao and Jia,only Chongqing and Guangzhou set up three types water government districts.The reason for the few and low levels of water administrative areas in urban administrative areas is that,on the one hand,the population of the urban water administrative districts at the time is relatively limited,so it is not necessary to set up more level water administrative areas;on the other hand,municipal governments generally face a tight financial reality and need to streamline the administrative organs as much as possible.