露天矿山环保抑尘剂研制及性能研究

Development and performance study of environmental dust suppressants for open-pit mine

针对石灰石露天矿爆破粉尘的防治问题,选取氯化钙、甲基纤维素、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、丙三醇4种单体,采用正交实验法对4种单体进行四因素三水平实验。以pH值、黏度、渗透速率、保水率作为考核指标,采用极差法对实验结果进行分析得到最佳配方的复合抑尘剂(A),将抑尘剂(A)与水稻秸秆粉末纤维素酶解离液进行1∶1复配得到环保抑尘剂(B)。将两类抑尘剂与水进行实验对比,进行润湿性、抗破坏性、抗冻性、抗蒸发性表征,SEM测试和室内抑尘模拟实验。研究结果表明:抑尘剂(B)在抗冻、抗蒸发性及润湿作用上与抑尘剂(A)相似且都明显优于水;抑尘剂(B)固化性能更佳,微观形貌显示具有良好的黏结作用。在室内模拟风机风速为12.8 m/s,时间为20 min的扬尘模拟实验中,水、抑尘剂(A)、抑尘剂(B)的抑尘效率分别为32.22%、71.73%和73.25%。

In view of the prevention and control of blasting dust in limestone open-pit mines,four monomers are selected:calcium chloride,methyl cellulose,fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether,and glycerol.An orthogonal experimental method is used to conduct a four-factor and three-level study on these monomers.The experiment utilized pH value,viscosity,penetration rate,and water retention rate as assessment indicators.The range method is then applied to analyze the experimental results and determine the optimal formula for a composite dust suppressant(A).This dust suppressant(A)is further combined with rice straw powder cellulose enzyme dissociation solution in a 1∶1 ratio to create an environmentally friendly dust suppressant(B).Comparative experiments are conducted between the two dust suppressants and water,focusing on characteristics such as wettability,damage resistance,frost resistance,and evaporation resistance.SEM tests are performed,and indoor dust suppression simulation experiments are carried out.The findings revealed that dust suppressant(B)exhibits similar anti-freeze,anti-evaporation,and wetting effects as dust suppressant(A),but outperforms water.Dust suppressant(B)shows superior curing performance and excellent adhesion based on microscopic shape analysis.In the indoor dust simulation experiment with a simulated fan wind speed of 12.8 m/s for 20 minutes,the dust suppression efficiencies of water,dust suppressant(A),and dust suppressant(B)are determined to be 32.22%,71.73%,and 73.25%,respectively.