学徒视角下现代学徒制试点的质量审视:现状、困境与提升策略

Review on the Quality of Modern Apprenticeship Pilot Program from the Perspective of Apprentices: Current Status, Challenges, and Enhancement Strategies

在新发展阶段,中国特色学徒制改革探索的重心已从“扩张数量”转向“提高质量”。研究基于学徒视角面向X市17个现代学徒制试点项目开展实证调研。结果发现,现代学徒制试点质量总体较好,但也面临着企业岗位实践相对不足、校企双师互动协作不畅、考核评价体系不健全、学徒权益保障不充分等现实困境。在深入推进中国特色学徒制改革过程中,应明确质量导向,强化企业岗位实践,创新校企交互培养模式;组建校企双师团队,构建跨界互动协作机制;鼓励多元主体参与,完善学徒考核评价体系;优化各类保障措施,确保学徒各项合法权益。

In the new development stage,the focus of China's distinctive apprenticeship reform exploration has shifted from expanding quantity to improving quality.This research is based on the perspective of apprentices and conducts empirical investigations on seventeen modern apprenticeship pilot projects in City X.The results show that the overall quality of the modern apprenticeship pilot program is good,but it also faces challenges such as insufficient practical training opportunities in enterprises,inadequate interaction and collaboration between schools and enterprises,incomplete assessment and evaluation systems,and inadequate protection of apprentices'rights and interests.In the process of further promoting the reform of China's distinctive apprenticeship system,it is necessary to clarify the quality orientation,strengthen practical training in enterprises,and innovate the school-enterprise interactive training model.It is important to establish school-enterprise mentor teams and build cross-disciplinary interactive collaborative mechanisms.Multiple stakeholders should be encouraged to participate,and the apprenticeship assessment and evaluation system should be improved.Furthermore,various safeguards should be optimized to ensure the legitimate rights and interests of apprentices.