影像学在儿童外耳道胆脂瘤诊治中的应用价值

The application value of imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of external auditory canal cholesteatoma in children

目的探讨儿童外耳道胆脂瘤(external auditory canal cholesteatoma,EACC)的高分辨率CT(HRCT)及MRI特征性表现。方法回顾性分析经病理证实的40例(45耳)儿童EACC患者的HRCT及9例MRI影像征象及临床治疗价值。结果45耳儿童EACC均表现为外耳道内软组织影,7耳软组织呈含气条片状,38耳软组织呈团块状实性致密影,3耳MRI呈T2高信号/T1等信号,DWI高信号,ADC低信号。30耳位于外耳道中内侧且覆盖鼓膜,28耳外耳道局部扩大,17耳无扩大。7耳单下壁受累;38耳多骨壁受累,其中上壁23耳,下壁25耳,6耳各壁均受累。33耳骨边缘不规则。11耳鼓室盾板变钝或消失。15耳鼓室受累,15耳砧骨长脚受压吸收破坏;8耳砧骨短脚吸收破坏;2耳镫骨吸收破坏;5耳伴发乳突炎。乳突气化型37耳,混合型7耳,板障型1耳。结论EACC病变位置局限,多位于外耳道中内侧,伴局部骨质破坏,累及中耳者少,未见合并耳周感染者。术前常规耳部HRCT及MRI扫描有助于精准定位及定性,根据病变范围选择合适手术方式,是清除胆脂瘤、提高听力及减少复发的有效方法。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the HRCT and MRI characteristic of external auditory canal cholesteatoma(EACC)in children.METHODS A total of 40 patients(45 lesions)with EACC confirmed by pathology were retrospectively analyzed with HRCT and MRI characteristics and clinical therapeutic value.Imaging findings of 40 patients(45 lesions)with EACC were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS Soft tissues were found in all the external auditory canal(EAC).Of the forty-five soft tissues,7 manifested as inhomogeneous strip soft tissues and 38 as lesions solid soft tissues;30 located in medial part of the EAC and covered the tympanic membrane,while the other 15 presented as tympanic membrane perforation and involved the tympanic cavity.The MRI of the 3 ears showed high signal on T2/T1 iso-intensity,high signal on DWI,and low signal on ADC.Normal whole bony EAC was observed in 17 cases and enlarged medial EAC in 28 cases.Seven cases only involved in the superior wall,but 38 cases displayed as multiple bone wall involved,of which 6 involved in circumferential walls.Thirty-three cases displayed atactic ear bone margin,11 displayed blunted or disappeared drum shield plate.Destroy of long crus of incus and manubrium mallei occurred in 15 cases,of short crus of incus in 8 cases,of stapes in 2 cases,and mastoiditis in 5 cases.According to the pneumatization degree of mastoid air cell,37 cases were classified into pneumatic type,7 cases into mixed type,and the last one into diploic type.CONCLUSION The children EACC tends to be limited and rarely involved in middle ear and mastoid process.No patient with peri-ear infection was found.Application of HRCT and MRI help accurate location and determination of cholesteatoma.According to the extent of the lesion,selecting the appropriate surgical method is an effective method to remove cholesteatoma,improve hearing and reduce recurrence.