日本建构“先住民”概念的实践及其影响

Practice and Influence of Constructing the Concept of“Indigenous Peoples”in Japan

20世纪90年代末,“先住民”概念在日本的建构以及广泛传播是日本土著民族阿伊努人的人权与自由、文化与传统等权利逐渐被纳入其国内法保护范畴的过程。“先住民”作为在承认文化多样性的国家和社会里被承认和尊重的独立的民族文化共同体概念,与以彰显大和民族的独立性和优越性为目标的“原住民”概念相比具有进步的一面。日本构建“先住民”概念的根本目的,是在国家认同严重受到全球化进程浸染的现代背景下,以重构多元文化认同来实现国家认同的增强。

In the late 1990s,the construction and widespread dissemination of the concept of“indigenous peoples”in Japan marked a process where the rights of the indigenous Ainu people,such as human rights,freedom,culture,and tradition,gradually became incorporated into its domestic legal protection framework.In contrast to the concept of“aboriginal peoples”,which aims to showcase the independence and superiority of the Yamato ethnic group,the concept of“indigenous peoples”is recognized and respected as an independent ethnic cultural community in a country and society that acknowledges cultural diversity,presenting a progressive aspect.The fundamental purpose of Japan's construction of the concept of“indigenous peoples”is to enhance national identity by reconstructing multicultural identities in the modern context where national identity is deeply influenced by the process of globalization.