文学地理空间视域与“吴蔡体”的形成

The Vision of Literary Geographical Space and the Formation of“Wu and Cai Style”

吴激、蔡松年由宋仕金的人生际遇及其随之而来的上京、燕山文学地理空间转换,是“吴蔡体”形成的关键进路,吴激肇其始,蔡松年定其型。具体而言,身处上京、燕山文学地理空间的吴激承袭苏轼以词书写士人情志的词学理念,融前人诗句入词,以词来抒发孤臣孽子的故国之思,引起了其他由宋入金词人的广泛共鸣,“吴蔡体”得以创建。稍后的蔡松年,尽管同样流落天涯异域,然其道德背负较轻,遂于清壮洒落之中寄寓乡关之思,将吴激词的故国之念创造性地转化为归乡和隐逸,建构了异域文学地理空间内入金宋人安身立命的精神家园,回应了金代词坛新的生活方式、文化心理、艺术境界的追求与理想,使得“吴蔡体”具有开辟一代词风的情感内容、艺术模式、审美趣味和生命意义,金词的艺术格局由是得以形成。

Wu Ji and Cai Songnian’s life experience from the Song Dynasty and the subsequent transformation of the literary geographical space of Shangjing and Yanshan are the key way to the formation of Wu and Cai style.To be specific,Wu Ji,who is located in the literary geographical space of Shangjing and Yanshan,inherited Su Shi’s theory of expressing scholars’sentiment with Ci,incorporated the poems of predecessors into Ci,expressed the longing for the country as an isolated subject with Ci,and aroused the wide resonance of other Ci poets who entered the Jin Dynasty from the Song Dynasty,and the“Wu and Cai Style”was established.Later,Cai Songnian,though he lived in a place far from home,had a lighter moral burden,he also showed homesick⁃ness amidst his carefree demeanor.And he creatively transformed Wu Ji’s idea of homesickness into returning home and hermit⁃age,constructed the spiritual home of Jin and Song people in the geographical space of foreign literature,responded to the new life style,cultural psychology and artistic realm of the Jin Dynasty,and made“Wu and Cai Style”possess the emotional content,artis⁃tic mode,aesthetic taste and life significance of opening up a new Ci style.The artistic pattern of Jin Ci was formed.