日本实现“双碳”目标的实践与路径研究——兼论对中国的启示与借鉴

Japan's Practice and Path to Achieve the Emission Peak and Carbon Neutrality Goal:Lessons from Japan's Experience for China

本文在系统分析日本实现“双碳”目标历程与路径的基础上,提出日本经验对中国的启示与借鉴建议。20世纪70年代初期日本从治理公害入手,通过调整产业结构,着力开发新能源,推广节能技术等措施为实现碳达峰目标奠定了良好基础。20世纪90年代,日本加入《联合国气候变化框架公约》后,积极推动《京都议定书》落地生效。进入21世纪,日本遵循可持续发展理念,大力发展循环经济,构筑低碳社会,最大限度减少排放。2013年实现碳达峰后,继续采取严控措施,确保碳排放逐年稳定下降。2020年日本正式宣布在2050年实现碳中和目标,通过《2050年碳中和绿色增长战略》进一步明确了重点发展海上风电、氢能以及氨燃料等清洁能源的供给侧改革方案,积极推进碳中和目标的实现。中国应借鉴日本经验,完善“双碳”法制、优化产业结构、降低煤炭比重、提高能效、提高创新能力,着眼未来,立足现实,循序渐进,如期圆满实现“双碳”目标。

Based on a systematic analysis of the history and path of Japan's efforts to achieve the"dual-carbon"goal,this paper puts forward the inspiration and recommendations of Japan's experience for China.In the early 1970s,Japan laid a good foundation for achieving the goal of carbon peaking by adjusting its industrial structure,developing new energy sources and promoting energy-saving technologies,starting from the management of public hazards.In the 1990s,after joined the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(UNFCCC),Japan actively promoted the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol.Since entering the new century,Japan has followed the concept of sustainable development,vigorously developed a circular economy,constructed a low-carbon society,and minimised emissions.After achieving carbon peak in 2013,Japan has continued to take stringent control measures to ensure a steady decline in carbon emissions year by year.In 2020,Japan officially announced that it would achieve carbon neutrality by 2050,and through the"Green Growth Strategy through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050",it further clarified the supply-side reform program focusing on the development of clean energy such as offshore wind power,hydrogen energy and ammonia fuel,and actively promoted the achievement of carbon neutrality.China should learn from Japan's experience,improve the"dual-carbon"legal system,optimise the industrial structure,reduce the proportion of coal,improve energy efficiency,enhance innovation capacity,focus on the future,be based on reality,and make gradual progress to successfully achieve the"dual-carbon"goal as scheduled.