日本政府产业补助金体系及其特点分析

The Analysis of Japanese Government Industrial Subsidy System and Characteristics

产业补助金是日本政府补助金体系中的重要组成部分,在推动特定产业发展、提升科技创新水平、提高产业链供应链稳定性等问题上发挥了关键作用。通过统计日本政府一般会计和特别会计中与产业补助金相关的部分得知,日本产业补助金的整体规模不大,主要用于农业、能源、制造业、信息通信等行业,着重解决粮食安全、能源稳定、科技振兴、中小企业发展等问题,通报透明度不高。日本产业补助金具有与产业政策关系紧密、法律基础扎实、使用方法灵活等特点。在国际政治经济形势复杂变化的背景下,日本产业补助金加大对科技创新、关键产业、粮食与能源安全的投入力度。其经验与做法值得中国参考借鉴。

Industrial subsidy is an important part of the Japanese government subsidy system and plays an important role in promoting the development of specific industries,improving the level of scientific and technological innovation,and improving the stability of the industrial chain and supply chain.Through gathering the statistics of the industrial subsidy in the general accounting and special accounting of the Japanese government,we found that the overall scale of the industrial subsidy in Japan is not large,and it is mainly used in promoting the industry development of agriculture,energy,manufacturing,information communication,focusing on solving the problem of food security,energy stability,scientific and technological innovation and the development of small and mediumsized enterprises,however the transparently of Japanese government industrial subsidy is not high.Japanese industrial subsidy has the characteristics of close relationship with industrial policy,solid legal foundation and flexible using method.In the context of complex changes in the international political and economic situation,Japanese industrial subsidy has increased its investment in technological innovation,key industries,and food and energy security.Its experience and practices are worthy of reference to China.