纳米材料介导植物遗传转化的研究进展

Research progress of nanomaterials in plant genetic transformation

植物遗传转化对于改善农作物的性状,培育高产、优质、多抗性的新品种,从而降低农药和肥料的使用量等至关重要.传统的遗传转化方法存在着诸多局限性,如物种的不普适性,植物组织易被破坏,成本高、耗时长和转化效率低等.近几年,纳米材料介导的植物遗传转化策略逐渐被研究和尝试,并显示出了不受物种限制、生物相容性良好和操作简单等一系列优势.文章对常用的传统遗传转化方法进行了总结,重点介绍了近年来多种纳米材料在植物遗传转化中的研究和应用进展,并讨论和展望了纳米材料在植物遗传转化应用领域的挑战和发展前景.

Plant genetic transformation is crucial for improving quality of crop straits,cultivating new varieties with high yield,improved quality,and multi-resistance,thereby reducing the use of pesticides and fertilizers.Traditional genetic transformation approaches have great limitations,including the non-universality of species,susceptibility to plant tissue destruction,high cost,long time consumption,and low transformation efficiency.In recent years,strategies for plant genetic transformation mediated by nanomaterials have been developed and attempted,and have shown a series of advantages such as no species limitation,good biocompatibility,and simple operation.This review introduces the commonly used traditional genetic transformation methods and focuses on the recent research and application progress of various nanomaterials in plant genetic transformation.Finally,the challenges and prospects in the field of plant genetic transformation are discussed.