宫廷·士林·民间:中晚明时期王阳明形象的书写衍变

Court, Shilin, Folk: TheWriting and Evolution ofWang Yangming's Image in the Middle and Late Ming Dynasties

王阳明的形象塑造具有三个维度的现实可能,即宫廷史官的书写、明代士人的笔法以及民间社会的传说。在朝廷的视域下,王阳明符合传统仕宦身份的基本素养,着重体现官吏的社会职责与道德认同;在明代士人眼中,王阳明则不仅是政治集团的参与者,也是儒家思想的探索者,这也为王阳明赋予了“师者”的质素;在民间社会中,王阳明形象与其历史功绩高度契合,完成民众对“英雄”人物的要求和期待。不同维度的书写衍变构成了王阳明形象的历史建构,成为王阳明学说接受史中不可或缺的重要组成部分。

Wang Yangming's image creation has three dimensions,namely,the writing of court historians,the penmanship of scholars in the Ming Dynasty,and the legends of civil society.From the perspective of the imperial court,Wang Yangming con⁃forms to the basic literacy of the traditional eunuch identity,focusing on the social responsibility and moral identity of officials;In the eyes of the scholars of the Ming Dynasty,Wang Yangming was not only a participant in the bureaucratic system,but also an ex⁃plorer of the Confucian ideological system,which also gave Wang Yangming the quality of a"teacher";In civil society,Wang Yangming's image is highly consistent with his historical achievements,and can fulfill the people's requirements and expectations for"heroic"figures.The evolution of writing in different dimensions constitutes the historical construction of Wang Yangming's im⁃age,and has become an indispensable and important part of the history of Wang Yangming's doctrine acceptance.