南丰蜜橘不同品种(系)果实化渣性比较

08Comparison of fruit mastication trait among different Citrus reticulata Blanco cv.Kinokuni varieties(lines)

【目的】比较南丰蜜橘不同品种(系)化渣性差异,筛选化渣性好的品种(系),为南丰蜜橘果实品质改良提供理论依据。【方法】以SS-14、SS-28、SS-2、SS-7、早熟一号、杨小2-6、97-1、红广和蜜广9个南丰蜜橘品种(系)为试验材料,进行感官评价,测定囊衣厚度、质构指标(最大剪切力、剪切功、硬度、弹性、胶黏性和咀嚼性)及细胞壁结构物质(果胶、纤维素、半纤维素和木质素)含量,并开展相关分析,采用模糊综合评判法评价南丰蜜橘化渣性优劣。【结果】9个南丰蜜橘品种(系)感官评价结果分为3个等级:化渣(Ⅰ)、中等化渣(Ⅱ)和不化渣(Ⅲ),其中红广和蜜广化渣性最好,化渣等级为Ⅰ;SS-28、SS-2、早熟一号和杨小2-6化渣性次之,化渣等级为Ⅱ;SS-14、SS-7和97-1化渣性最差,化渣等级为Ⅲ。红广和蜜广的囊衣最薄,SS-7和SS-14的囊衣最厚,为红广和蜜广的1.68倍。蜜广和红广的最大剪切力明显低于其他7个南丰蜜橘品种(系),蜜广的硬度、弹性、胶黏性和咀嚼性在9个品种(系)中均最大。细胞壁结构物质中,水溶性果胶含量最高的是SS-7(13.23 mg/g),最低的是蜜广(4.67 mg/g);纤维素含量最高的是SS-14(67.71 mg/g),蜜广和红广的纤维素含量较低;木质素含量最高的是SS-7(15.96 mg/g),含量最低的是蜜广(8.12 mg/g)。相关分析结果显示,囊衣厚度和最大剪切力与化渣等级均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)(化渣等级越大,化渣性越差);剪切功、水溶性果胶含量、纤维素含量和木质素含量与化渣等级均呈显著正相关(P<0.05,下同);弹性与化渣等级呈显著负相关。等权法和加权法模糊综合评判结果均显示蜜广化渣性最好,小果系南丰蜜橘SS-14化渣性最差。【结论】囊衣厚度和囊瓣最大剪切力可作为评判南丰蜜橘果实化渣性的重要指标。9个南丰蜜橘品种(系)中,蜜广为最化渣品种,小果系南丰蜜橘SS-14为最不化渣品系。

【Objective】The purpose of the study was to compare the differences in mastication trait among different Nanfeng tangerine(Citrus reticulata Blanco cv.Kinokuni)varieties(lines),to screen the varieties(lines)with good mas‐tication trait,and to provide a theoretical basis for fruit quality improvement of Nanfeng tangerine.【Method】Nine varie-ties(lines)of Nanfeng tangerine(SS-14,SS-28,SS-2,SS-7,Early-ripe No.1,Yangxiao 2-6,97-1,Hongguang and Mi‐guang)were used as experimental materials for sensory evaluation.Segment membrane thickness,texture indexes(maxi‐mum shear force,shear work,hardness,springiness,adhesiveness and chewability)and cell wall structure material contents(pectin,cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin)were measured and correlation analysis was carried out.Fuzzy compre‐hensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the performance of mastication trait of Nanfeng tangerine.【Result】Nine varieties(lines)of Nanfeng tangerine were divided into three grades by sensory evaluation results:good mastication(Ⅰ),medium mastication(Ⅱ)and inferior mastication(Ⅲ).Among them,Hongguang and Miguang had the best masti‐cation trait and the mastication grade wasⅠ.SS-28,SS-2,Early-ripe No.1 and Yangxiao 2-6 had the fine mastication trait and the mastication grade wasⅡ.The mastication trait of SS-14,SS-7 and 97-1 were the worst and the mastication grade wasⅢ.The segment membranes of Hongguang and Miguang were the thinnest,while those of SS-7 and SS-14 were the thickest and as 1.68 times as thick as those of Hongguang and Miguang.The maximum shear force of Miguang and Hong‐guang was greatly lower than that of the other seven Nanfeng tangerine varieties(lines),but the hardness,springiness,adhesiveness and chewability of Miguang were the highest among the 9 varieties(lines).Among cell wall structure mate‐rials,water soluble pectin content of SS-7(13.23 mg/g)was the highest and that of Miguang(4.67 mg/g)was the lowest;cellulose content of SS-14(67.71 mg/g)was the highest and that of Miguang and Hongguang were low;the lignin content of SS-7(15.96 mg/g)was the highest and that of Miguang(8.12 mg/g)was the lowest.The correlation analysis results showed that the segment membrane thickness and the maximum shear force were extremely significantly positively corre‐lated with the mastication grade(P<0.01)(the larger the mastication grade,the worse the mastication trait).Shear work,water soluble pectin content,cellulose content and lignin content were significantly positively correlated with mastication grade(P<0.05,the same below).There was a significant negative correlation between springiness and mastication grade.Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results of equal weight method and weighted method showed that Miguang had the best mastication trait,and small-fruit line Nanfeng tangerine SS-14 had the worst mastication trait.【Conclusion】The segment membrane thickness and the maximum shear force can be used as important indicators to judge the fruit mastication trait of Nanfeng tangerine.Among the 9 varieties(lines)of Nanfeng tangerine,Miguang is the first at mastication trait,and small-fruit line Nanfeng tangerine SS-14 is the latest one.