幼儿教师心理健康问题的特点、影响因素与发展趋势

Features,Influencing Factors,and Development Trends of Mental Health Problems among Preschool Teachers

21世纪以来,各类社会变迁事件对幼儿教师的心理发展造成持续影响,因此,我们迫切需要对这一群体的心理健康问题进行更深入的研究与分析,以便更好地理解其特点、影响因素及其可能的发展趋势。本研究借鉴横断历史研究方法,对2000—2022年间采用SCL-90量表测量幼儿教师焦虑、抑郁、躯体化问题、强迫问题、偏执问题和敌对问题的研究进行分析。结果发现:①幼儿教师心理健康问题整体呈缓慢上升趋势,其中强迫问题自2012年起呈显著上升趋势,且上升幅度达中等效应量(d=0.52),城市、公办和西部地区幼儿教师的心理健康恶化趋势较快。②学校数、招生数、在校生数、居民消费水平、学杂保育费、恩格尔系数、出生率、失业率和互联网普及率为代表的政治、经济、社会和技术因素对幼儿教师心理健康问题的预测作用较为明显。③未来幼儿教师心理健康问题呈现平稳波动的发展趋势。总体而言,幼儿教师心理健康问题与社会发展密切相关,可从遏制恶化趋势、破解区域失衡以及发挥协同作用出发,为幼儿教师心理健康保驾护航。

Various events of social change have had a continuing impact on the psychological development of preschool teachers since the new century.Therefore,there is an urgent need for us to conduct more in-depth research and analysis of the mental health problems of preschool teachers to better understand its features,influencing factors and possible development trends.To explore the baseline of preschool teachers mental health problems,this study draws on the cross-temporal method to meta-analyze studies that used the SCL-90 scale to measure anxiety,depression,somatization,obsessive-compulsive,paranoia,and hostility among preschool teachers during the period from 1999 to 2020.The results found that①Preschool teachers mental health problems were slowly increasing overall;compulsive problems of preschool teachers had been on the rise since 2012,with a medium effect size(d=0.52);and the trend of deterioration of mental health of teachers in urban,public and western areas was faster.②Political,economic,social,and technological factors represented by the number of schools,enrollment,total enrollment,consumption level of the population,tuition and nursery fees,Engel s coefficient,birth rate,unemployment rate,and Internet penetration rate had a more pronounced predictive effect on the mental health problems of preschool teachers.③Future teachers mental health problems showed a trend of smooth fluctuation.Overall,the mental health problems of preschool teachers are closely related to social development,and the mental health of preschool teachers can be protected by arresting deteriorating trends,addressing regional imbalances,and exploiting synergies.