2022年平罗县气象因子对主要农作物生长发育的影响

Effects of Meteorological Factors on the Growth and Development of Major Crops in Pingluo County,2022

气象因素对农作物生长发育的影响巨大,为促进平罗县农业生产高质量发展,给平罗县开展农业气象服务提供参考。本文通过对2022年与历年值(1991—2020年)气温、降水、日照等气象要素资料的比较,并分析了该年度年气象因子对主要农作物生长发育的影响。结果表明,2022年作物生长季期间热量条件充足,水分和光照条件略欠。2022年平均气温较历年平均值偏高,降水偏少,日照偏少。小麦抽穗扬花期受大范围持续高温影响出现干热风,影响授粉受精,灌浆期高温影响干物质积累。玉米抽雄、开花期多对流性强降水,不适宜授粉受精,灌浆期寡日照影响结实;水稻抽穗扬花期降水量多,有利于病害发生,寡日照不利于灌浆。综上认为,极端气象因子对主要农作物生长发育的影响较大。

Meteorological factors have a significant impact on the growth and development of crops.To provide reference for promoting high-quality agricultural production and to provide agricultural meteorological services for Pingluo County,this article compares meteorological data such as temperature,precipitation,and sunshine between 2022 and historical years(1991—2020)to analyze the impact of meteorological factors on the growth and development of major crops in 2022.The results indicate that during the entire crop growth season in 2022,sufficient heat conditions but slightly insufficient water and light conditions are detected.The average temperature in 2022 is higher than the average annual temperature of historical years with less precipitation and less sunshine found in year 2022.During the heading and flowering period of wheat,dry and hot winds occur due to sustained high temperature weather,which affects pollination and fertilization,and during the grain filling period,high temperatures affect the accumulation of dry matter.Corn is not suitable for pollination and fertilization due to excessive convective heavy rainfall during the tasseling and flowering periods,and insufficient light during the grain filling period affects fruiting.Excessive rainfall during the heading and flowering period of rice is beneficial for the occurrence of diseases,while insufficient sunlight is not conducive to grain filling.In summary,extreme meteorological factors have a greater impact on the growth and development of major crops.