陇南不同种植区油橄榄果实生长期的经济性状比较

Comparison of Economic Traits During Fruit Ripening of Olive Fruits Grown in Different Cultivation Sites in Longnan

为研究陇南市不同种植地对不同品种油橄榄果实生长的影响,对陇南市武都区种植的莱星、鄂植8号、奇迹、皮削利等4个油橄榄品种,分别在其果实生长的受精和坐果期、种子生长期、果核变硬期、中果皮形成期和果实成熟期比较判断果实表型性状,分析果实生长期间含水率和含油率的变化,以探明不同油橄榄品种的适宜栽培区,为优化陇南地区油橄榄种植资源配置提供支持。结果表明,在陇南市武都区锦屏村和稻畦村种植的不同品种油橄榄果实外观均呈长圆形,且锦屏村种植的莱星油橄榄果实百粒鲜质量和含油率均高于稻畦村,中果皮形成期百粒鲜质量和含油率分别高于稻畦村34.82%和72.53%。稻畦村种植的鄂植8号油橄榄果实百粒鲜质量在果实生长前期低于锦屏村,生长后期则高于锦屏村,中果皮形成期稻畦村油橄榄果实百粒鲜质量高于锦屏村26.00%。锦屏村种植的鄂植8号油橄榄果实含油率均高于稻畦村,果实成熟期含油率高于稻畦村84.48%。锦屏村种植的奇迹油橄榄果实百粒鲜质量和含油率均高于稻畦村,果核变硬期百粒鲜质量高于稻畦村36.00%,果实成熟期的含油率高于稻畦村53.71%。锦屏村种植的皮削利油橄榄果实含油率高于稻畦村,中果皮形成期的含油率高于稻畦村76.13%。由此可知,锦屏村种植的油橄榄莱星、奇迹均优于稻畦村,且果实用途偏向于油用,油橄榄鄂植8号和皮削利作为油果兼用型果实,在锦屏村和稻畦村均可种植。且生长良好。

To study the effects of different planting sites in Longnan City on the fruit growth of different olive oil varieties,4 olive oil varieties planted in the Wudu District of Longnan City,including Laixing,Ezhi 8,Miracle,and Pixiaoli,were examined.Their fruit phenotypic traits during various growth stages,fertilization and fruit set,seed growth,stone hardening of the endocarp,mesocarp formation,and fruit maturity,were compared to analyze changes in water content and oil content during fruit growth.This aimed to identify suitable cultivation areas for different oil olive varieties and support the optimization of oil olive planting resource allocation in the Longnan area.The results showed that the appearance of different varieties of olive fruits planted in Jinping Village and Daoqi Village in the Wudu District of Longnan City was elongated,and the Laixing olives planted in Jinping Village had both higher fresh weight per hundred fruits and oil content than those in Daoqi Village,with the fresh weight per hundred fruits and oil content during the mesocarp formation stage being 34.82%and 72.53%higher than those in Daoqi Village,respectively.Ezhi 8 olives planted in Daoqi Village had lower fresh weight per hundred fruits than those in Jinping Village during the early growth period,whereas the number was reversed during the later growth period,with the fresh weight per hundred fruits in Daoqi Village during the mesocarp formation 26.00%higher than that in Jinping Village.The oil content of Ezhi 8 olives planted in Jinping Village was higher than those planted in Daoqi Village with the oil content 84.48%higher than Daoqi Village during the maturity stage.Miracle olives planted in Jinping Village had both higher fresh weight per hundred fruits and oil content than those in Daoqi Village,with the fresh weight per hundred fruits during the hardening of the endocarp stage being 36.00%higher than Daoqi Village,and the oil content during the fruit maturity stage being 53.71%higher than Daoqi Village.Pixiaoli olives planted in Jinping Village had a higher oil content than those in Daoqi Village,with the oil content during the mesocarp formation stage being 76.13%higher than Daoqi Village.Thus,it is evident that the Laixing and Miracle olives planted in Jinping Village were superior to those in Daoqi Village,with the fruits being more suited for oil production.Ezhi 8 and Pixiaoli,being suitable for both oil and table use,could be planted in both Jinping Village and Daoqi Village which would yield great growth as well.