强化厌氧氨氧化生物膜形成的研究进展

RESEARCH ADVANCES OF ENHANCING BIOFILM FORMATION OF ANAMMOX

厌氧氨氧化是污水处理领域最具应用前景的生物脱氮工艺,其中生物膜是富集厌氧氨氧化菌的有效手段。但厌氧氨氧化生物膜的形成和厌氧氨氧化菌的富集长达数月甚至更长周期,阻碍了厌氧氨氧化技术的推广应用。总结了近年来强化厌氧氨氧化生物膜形成并富集厌氧氨氧化菌的系列方法,重点探讨了载体类型的选择、载体表面预处理方法、生物质固定技术、反应器类型、厌氧氨氧化菌活性和竞争性强化等措施对厌氧氨氧化生物膜形成及菌种富集的影响。在厘清强化策略的基础上,阐述了各方法的优劣性和潜在的应用场景,同时展望了未来厌氧氨氧化生物膜技术的研究方向,可为厌氧氨氧化工艺的优化与应用提供重要参考。

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation(anammox)is the most promising biological nitrogen removal technology in the wastewater treatment process,and biofilm is an effective means to enrich anammox bacteria.However,the formation of anammox biofilm and the enrichment of anammox bacteria usually takes several months or even longer,which hinders the widespread application of anammox technology.This review summarizes a series of methods to enhance the formation of anammox biofilm and enrich anammox bacteria in recent years,focusing on the effects of the selection of carrier types,carrier surface pretreatment methods,biomass fixation technology,reactor types,anammox bacteria activity,and competitive enhancement on the formation of anammox biofilm and the enrichment of bacteria.Based on clarifying the enhancement strategies,this review elaborates on the advantages,disadvantages,and potential application scenarios of each method,and looks forward to the future research directions of anammox biofilm technology,to provide important references for the optimization and application of anammox processes.