明初洪武礼制改革的内在动力及实践策略探析

An Analysis of the Internal Motivation and Practical Strategies of the Hongwu Ritual System Reform in the Early Ming Dynasty

朱元璋建立明政权之初,在意识形态和权力实践领域面对的最大挑战来自读书人,既包括“士大夫性”读书人,也包括“庶民性”读书人。因此,洪武礼制改革的首要目的是借此重塑国家正统性和合法性,以期获得读书人对新生政权的支持。此外,两宋时期以读书人为主体的士绅阶层已逐渐成为一种独立的社会势力,洪武礼制改革也可以视为国家权力与社会势力争夺权势的手段和策略。明初洪武礼制改革,开启了王朝国家走向民间社会的新局面,亦成为明中后期礼俗互动机制和礼教社会形成的政治渊薮。

When Zhu Yuanzhang founded the Ming Dynasty, the biggest challenge he was faced with in the field of ideology and power practice came from the scholars, including scholars of “literary-official” and scholars of “common people”. Therefore, the primary purpose of Hongwu ritual system reform was to reshape the country's orthodoxy and legitimacy to gain the support from scholars for the new regime. In addition, during the Song Dynasty, the gentry class, mainly composed of scholars, had gradually become an independent social force. The reform of the Hongwu ritual system can also be regarded as a means and strategy for state power to compete with social forces for power. The reform of the Hongwu ritual system in the early Ming Dynasty created a new situation for the dynasty to move towards folk society. It also became the political origin of the interactive mechanism of ritual-custom and the formation of ritual society in the middle and late Ming Dynasty.