中国早期地理书写与地域观的域外接受——法国汉学《山海经》阐释考

Early Chinese Geographical Writing and the Extraterritorial Reception of Geographical Views:The Interpretation of the Shanhai Jing in French Sinology

18-19世纪,在“中华文明起源”和“扶桑即美洲”等争论中,《山海经》进入了西方人的学术视野,并持续推动着法国对中国早期景观和领土想象的地理科学探索。百余年来,何赖思、拉克伯里、巴赞、罗尼、布勒努夫、施古德、葛兰言、雷米·马修、魏德理等人的法文研究从地理学、人种学、政治学、文献学等多元角度阐释这部中国早期地理书写,作为外部成果提出了新颖的研究角度和思维方式,证明了在对中华文明历史脉络的认识中,地理、历史、民族、政治等方面密不可分,与我国现当代学者的成果相得益彰。这些研究既显示出法国当代汉学离不开欧洲东方学的既有传统和框架,亦有助于我们在对西方相关课题的了解和批判中反思和深化当前的研究,进而探讨如何在跨文化中就中国古代历史地理课题拓展国际对话平台。

In the 18th and 19th centuries, in the debates on “the origin of Chinese civilization” and “Fusang is America”, Shanhai Jing(Classic of Mountains and Seas) entered Western scholarship and continuously drove French geoscientific explorations of the early landscape and territorial imaginaries of China. For more than 100 years, the studies in French language by C. De Harlez, A. Terrien de Lacouperie, G. Schlegel, M. Granet, R. Mathieu, V. Dorofeeva-Lichtmann's and others have interpreted this early Chinese geography from the diversified perspectives of geography, ethnography, political science, and bibliography, taking the lead in proposing novel research perspectives and ways of thinking as an external achievement, proving that geography, history, ethnicity, and politics are inseparably linked to our present-day contemporary China in the knowledge of the historical lineage of Chinese civilization and that the geography, history, ethnicity, and politics of Chinese civilization are inextricably linked to each other. These results demonstrate that geography, history, ethnicity, and politics are inextricably linked in the understanding of the historical lineage of Chinese civilization, complementing the research of contemporary scholars in China. These results not only show that contemporary French Sinology cannot be separated from the established traditions and frameworks of European Orientalism, but also help us to reflect on and develop our current research in the understanding and criticism of related Western topics, and then explore how to expand the platform for international dialogue on the subject of ancient Chinese historical geography in a cross-cultural context.