现代伊朗民族认同建构的嬗变(1925-2000)

The Evolution of the Construction of National Identity in Modern Iran(1925-2000)

民族认同建构是现代伊朗政治社会生活中的重要主题。巴列维王朝两代国王极力淡化伊斯兰符号,围绕雅利安身份建构西方世俗形态的民族认同,服务于王朝法统的建构与君主专制的强化。至王朝末期,伊朗知识分子通过“西方毒化”与“回归自我”的阐释,重塑对伊斯兰这一“真实”民族身份的认同,强调伊斯兰教什叶派的公平与正义理念。自下而上的伊斯兰认同重塑与自上而下的雅利安认同建构之逆向运动,反映了此间民主对专制的抗争和西方式现代化移植的困境。伊斯兰革命后,共和国政治精英在更显包容性的伊斯兰-伊朗认同建构下继续强调伊斯兰身份的核心地位,但同时也将波斯符号融入其中。现代伊朗民族认同建构的嬉变源于巴列维国王时期尖锐的社会-国家矛盾,折射出伊朗从西方化到本土化的现代化路径选择。

The construction of national identity is a major theme in the political and social life of modern Iran.The two generations of Pahlavi Kings tried their best to dilute Islamic symbols and construct a Western-like and secular-oriented national identity centering on Aryanism,to serve the construction of dynastic rule and the strengthening of absolute monarchy.By the end of the dynasty,however,Iranian intellectuals,through the interpretation of“Westoxication”and“return to self”,reshaped the identity of Islam as a“true”national identity and emphasized the concept of fairness and justice advocated by Shi'ism.The dialectical tensions between the bottom-up construction of Islamic identity and the top-down construction of Aryan identity reflected the contest between democracy and autocracy,as well as the dilemma arising from the transplantation of Western modernization.After the Islamic Revolution,the political elites of the Islamic Republic of Iran continued to prioritize Islamic identity as the core within a more inclusive Islamic-lranian identity construction,while incorporating Persian symbols into it.The evolution of the construction of national identity in modern Iran stemmed from the sharp society-state contradictions under the Shah Pahlavi's rule,and reflected the shift in Iran's modernization path from Westernization to indigenization.