德国浪漫派反讽理论的危机与主体性哲学的困境

The Crisis of German Romantic Irony and the Dilemma of Philosophy of Subjectivity

反讽理论是德国浪漫派思想的核心,是其克服现实世界的异化状态、实现世界“浪漫化”的重要方法和步骤。反讽理论意图将对象转变为主体的一部分以消灭对象的有限性和揭示对象本质的精神性,进而实现主体和对象在无限精神中的统一。然而,反讽理论存在着自身无法克服的内在危机,它一方面需要以主体与对象的对立关系为前提才能得以启动,另一方面又以消灭这种对立关系为目的。反讽理论的危机根源于近代主体性哲学的根本致思方式,即使事物站立于主体面前并表象为对象的主体表象活动。因此,德国浪漫派反讽理论的危机实质上也是近代主体性哲学理论困境的一种表达。反讽理论的危机所揭示的近代主体性哲学的困境在黑格尔哲学中得到更为充分的呈现。

Irony is the core theory of German Romanticism,providing an important method and even an actual step to overcome the alienation of world and facilitate its"romanticization".By eliminating the finiteness of the object,romantic irony attempts to transform it into part of the subject and bring it back to the infinite spirit,thus realizing an unity of the subject and the object within it.However,irony theory is troubled by an inherent paradox.On the one hand,it is based on the opposition between subject and object,whereas on the other hand,it aims to eliminate this opposition,and thereby results in an inner crisis.In fact,romantic irony is an expression of the essential elements of philosophy of subjectivity,with the aforesaid crisis constituting a presentation of the very limit of the latter.This limit is fully presented in Hegel's philosophical system,which is the completion of modern philosophy of subjectivity.The dilemma faced by Hegel offers a witness to the predicament of ironic crisis.