历代方志中文庙史料的类型及其学术价值

Types of Confucius Temples Historical References in Local Records Over the Generations and Their Academic Values

方志是保存各地文庙史料数量最多、内容最丰富的文献形式。方志中的文庙史料,主要有文庙图、庙制文献、庙祀文献及文庙碑记4种类型,对研究文庙的发展史具有重要的学术价值。其中,历代古方志中的文庙图、庙制文献对了解各地文庙的地理位置、庙学布局、建筑形制等,文庙祭祀文献对了解各地文庙祭祀中的奉祀人物以及祭礼、祭乐、祭品、祭器等,文庙碑记文献对了解文庙兴起、扩建、重修及其运营情况,都具有非常重要的学术价值。全面系统地整理历代古方志中的文庙史料,对整体把握文庙在全国的地理分布及古代儒学传播与儒学教育,以及文庙建筑遗迹的保护与修复,具有重要意义。

Local records are a form of historical literature with the largest quantity and richest contents in preservation of Confucius Temples historical references of various places.Confucius Temples historical references in local records are mostly composed of four types:Confucius Temple maps,historical references on Confucius Temple rules,historical references on worship ceremonies,and tablets inscriptions records,which have important values for research on the development history of Confucius Temples.Among these,Confucius Temple maps and historical references on Confucius Temple rules in ancient local records over the generations have very important academic values for the understanding of features of Confucius Temples such as geographic position,layout of Confucius Temple school,and architectural forms and systems,and the same goes for historical references on worship ceremonies for the understanding of features of the worship such as persons being worshipped,worship protocol,worship music,worship items,and worship utensils;and tablets inscriptions records for the understanding of circumstances of the Confucius Temples in terms of establishment,expansion,reconstruction,and operations.Comprehensive and systematic sorting of Confucius Temple historical references in ancient local records over the generations has important significance for the overall grasp of geographic distribution of Confucius Temples all over the country,the spread of Confucianism and Confucianism education in ancient times,and the protection and restoration of Confucius Temples architectural relics.