众寺合志与一寺为志——寺志种类演变蠡测

Combined Records for Various Temples and Records for a Single Temple-Shallow Understandings of the Evolution of Types of Temple Records

佛教寺志种类的发展有一个演变过程。寺志发端于南北朝时期,早期唯有众寺合志,即将某一区域(时期)之众寺合于一志中进行记述,包括一城之寺合志及稍后之一山之寺合志,乃至断代的全国(其后有地域性的)寺院合志。明代出现一寺一志,与众寺合志并存,延续至今。在佛教寺志发展史上,明代成为一寺之志出现及与众寺合志并存之转折时期。其内因在于法脉地位及寺产经济对寺院自身书写重要性之凸显,外因则在方志体裁的发展。新时代编修众寺合志重兴,在编修形式与志书内容上均有新的变化,从这一侧面也显示了志书编修与时俱进的发展规律。

The development of types of Buddhist temple records has a process of evolution.Buddhist temple records first appeared during the Southern and Northern Dynasties Period.During its early period,there were only combined records for various temples,which means recording various temples in a certain region(period)in one single set of records,including combined records of various temples in a city,combined records of various temples in a mountain in slightly later period,and combined records of various temples in the whole country(or region in later period)during a certain dynasty.During the Ming Dynasty,there appeared records of a single temple,which coexisted with combined records of various temples,and lasted tll now.During the development history of Buddhist temple records,Ming Dynasty became a turning period in which records for a single temple appeared and coexisted with combined records of various temples.The internal causes lie in the highlight of importance of inheritance of Buddhism and temple property economy for writings on the temples themselves,and the external cause is the development of local records styles.In the new era,the compilation of combined records for various temples became prosperous again.There have been new changes in terms of both forms of compilation and contents of local records,an aspect that demonstrates the development principle of advancing with the times for local records compilation.