不同类型城市用地面积与人口规模的标度律研究——以长江经济带城市为例

Scaling laws between different urban land and population size of cities in the Yangtze River Economic

中国快速城镇化进程的一个突出矛盾是土地城镇化普遍快于人口城镇化.然而,不同类型城市用地面积与人口规模的增长关系尚不清楚,且缺少从复杂城市系统视角认识人地关系演化规律.该文以长江经济带县级及以上城市为例,使用城市标度律探究不同类型城市用地面积与人口规模非线性关系,从用地结构视角揭示城市人地关系及演化规律.结果表明:1)2012—2021年,道路交通设施用地增速明显快于城市人口,是土地城镇化快于人口城镇化的主因.2)城市用地与人口规模总体上呈亚线性关系,体现了规模经济效应;但工业用地与人口规模呈超线性关系,反映了大城市工业用地供给过多的系统性偏差.3)基于规模调整指数的用地效率评价结果显示:在同等规模城市中,长江中游城市人均居住用地偏少,工业用地规模调整指数“东多西少”的空间特征更加明显.复杂城市系统理论为认识城市人地关系及演化提供了新方法,未来需要从用地结构和空间布局两个方面因城施策,优化调整城市人地关系.

A prominent contradiction in China’s rapid urbanization process is that land urbanization is generally faster than population urbanization.However,the relationship between land use area and population growth in different types of cities is still unclear,especially the lack of understanding of the evolution of the human-land relationship from the perspective of complex urban systems.Taking county-level and above cities in the Yangtze River Economic Zone as an example,the urban scaling law is used to explore the nonlinear relationship between land use area and population size of different types of cities,and reveal the evolution of urban-rural relationships from the perspective of land use structure.Results are shown as follows.1)From 2012 to 2021,the growth rate of road and transportation facilities was significantly faster than that of urban population,which is the main reason for land urbanization faster than population urbanization.2)Urban land use and population size generally show a sub-linear relationship,reflecting economies of scale.However,industrial land use and population size exhibit a super-linear relationship,indicating a systematic deviation of oversupply of industrial land in large cities.3)Based on the land use efficiency evaluation using the scale adjustment index,the results show that among cities of the same size,the cities in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River have relatively less residential land per capita,and the industrial land scale adjustment index has more obvious spatial characteristics of“more in the east and less in the west”.The theory of complex urban systems provides a new method for understanding urban-rural relationships and their evolution,and it’s neccesary to optimize and adjust urban-rural relationships from the perspectives of land use structure and spatial layout in the furture.