西方民主制结构性缺陷的形而上学根源:阿甘本论治理的僭政

The Metaphysical Origin of the Structural Defects of Western Democracy:Agamben on the Arrogation of Government

政府治理压倒人民主权、“人民的代表”压倒人民是西方现代民主制的结构性缺陷,阿甘本从形而上学的角度深入探析了这一缺陷的根源。首先,阿甘本指出西方民主制对“人民”概念的虚构以对少数个体的排斥作为前提条件;其次,阿甘本认为现代西方民主制复刻了西方形而上学的“神圣经世”结构,这导致符号性的“人民主权”被资产阶级政府的治理实践所代表和僭越;最后,阿甘本指出了西方民主政治的主权被自由市场秩序所塑造并服务于资产阶级特殊利益的事实。阿甘本的批判发展了马克思恩格斯国家阶级性的论题,凸显了治理与民主的张力,其问题在于将西方民主制的缺陷完全归咎于形而上学的谱系与结构,泛化了治理的概念,缺乏资本批判视角,这导致其理论难以有效介入民主与治理实践,而中国共产党对此提供了有益的启示。

It is the structural defect of western modern democracy that government overtakes people's sovereignty and"the representative of the people"overtakes the people,Agamben deeply explore its origin from the perspective of metaphysics.First of all,Agamben points out that the fiction of the concept of"the people"in Western democracy presupposes the exclusion of minority individuals.Secondly,Agamben argues that modern Western democracy has reproduced the structure of"divine economy"in western metaphysics,this leads to the symbolic popular sovereignty being represented and arrogated by the bourgeois government.Finally,Agamben points to the fact that the sovereignty of Western democracy has been shaped by the free market order and serve the special interests of the bourgeoisie.Agamben's critique developed Marx's and Engels's thesis on the class nature of the state and highlighted the tension between government and democracy.Its defect is that it attributes the defects of Western democracy entirely on the genealogy and structure of metaphysics,generalizing the concept of government,and it lacks a critical perspective of capital,which makes it difficult to effectively intervene in the practice of democracy and government,and the CPC has provided useful inspiration for it.