云南某钙镁质胶磷矿反浮选工艺研究

Study on Reverse Flotation Process of a Calcium-Magnesium Collophanite in Yunnan

为解决云南某中低品位胶磷矿因磷灰石与脉石矿物嵌布关系复杂、单体解离困难导致的分选难度大、利用率低的问题,对该矿石进行了主要化学组分和X射线衍射分析,并研究了磨矿细度、捕收剂用量、抑制剂用量、浮选浓度等单因素试验寻求最佳的反浮选条件,最后利用闭路流程试验来探究工业应用的可行性。结果表明,矿石中主要的有用矿物是氟磷灰石,脉石矿物主要是白云石与石英。通过单因素试验获得最佳工艺条件为:磨矿细度-0.074mm占78.16%,WFS用量为0.14m^(3)/t,WF-01用量为0.6kg/t,矿浆浓度28%;通过一粗一精一扫、中矿分级返回的闭路试验流程,获得了P_(2)O_(5)品位为32.80%、MgO含量1.01%、P_(2)O_(5)回收率为92.53%的精矿指标,产品达到酸法加工用优质磷矿石Ⅰ类标准。本次试验使用磷化工酸性废水WFS作为磷矿的抑制剂,在WFS浮选抑制体系下,WF-01表现出了优异的反浮选提磷脱镁性能,将酸性废水运用到浮选流程中不仅降低了硫酸与磷酸的使用量,节约了浮选药剂成本,而且解决了酸废水排放问题,有利于生态环境保护。同时,由于扫选时矿物颗粒过细导致的浮选分离效果差的问题,通过添加一种优良的无机酸类分散剂YL-1,有效降低了扫选尾矿中磷的含量,提高综合回收率,避免资源浪费,实现了对该细粒磷矿石的高选择性分选。研究成果对同类型难选钙镁质胶磷矿的开发利用具有一定的指导意义。

In order to solve the problems of difficult separation and low utilization rate caused by the complex dissemination relationship between apatite and gangue minerals and the difficulty of mineral liberation in a low-grade collophanite ore in Yunnan,the main chemical composition and X-ray diffraction analysis of the ore were carried out,and the single factor tests such as grinding fineness,collector dosage,regulator dosage and flotation pulp density were studied to find the optimal reverse flotation conditions.Finally,the feasibility of industrial application was explored by the locked-cycle test.The results showed that the main useful mineral in the ore was fluorapatite,and the main gangue minerals were dolomite and quartz.Through single factor experiment,the optimum process conditions were obtained as follows:grinding fineness of-0.074 mm accounted for 78.16%,WFS dosage 0.14 m^(2)/t,WF-01 dosage O.6 kg/t,and pulp density 28%.Through the locked-cycle test process of one roughing,one cleaning,one scavenging and middling classification return,a concentrate with P_(2)O_(5) grade of 32.80%,MgO content of 1.01%and P_(2)O_(5) recovery of 92.53%was obtained,and the product reached the class I standard of high quality phosphate ore for acid process.In this experiment,acidic wastewater WFS was used as the regulator of phosphate rock.Under the WFS flotation inhibition system,WF-o1 showed excellent performance of phosphorus extraction and magnesium removal in reverse flotation.The application of acidic wastewater in the flotation process not only reduced the consumption of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid,saved the cost of flotation reagents,but also solved the problem of acid wastewater discharge,which was conducive to ecological environment protection.Meanwhile,due to the problem of poor flotation separation effect caused by too fine mineral particles during scavenging,an excellent inorganic acid dispersant YL-1 is added,so that the content of phosphorus in the scavenging tailings is effectively reduced,the comprehensive recovery is improved,the waste of resources is avoided,and the high-selectivity separation of the fine-grained phosphate ore is realized.The research results have certain guiding significance for the development and utilization of the same type of refractory calcium magnesium collophanite.